定语从句讲解

　　定语从句

　　用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。例如： (who don’t study hard) will not pass the exam.

　　先行词 定语从句

　　主句: ____________________________________________________ 先行词 定语从句

　　主句: ____________________________________________________

　　一、关系代词的用法

　　1、引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which, who whom，whose等。 关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。例如： 主语

　　宾语

　　定语

　　2、归纳一：

　　that既指_____又指_____，作_______语或______语。which指_______，作______语或_______语。who/whom指_____，who作_______语, 也可以作________语(但不能和介词一起用); whom作________语。whose用作人或物的________语。

　　归纳二：

　　that, which, who, whom在定语从句中作_________语时，可省去。

　　练习：

　　1) A plane is a machine ____________ can fly.

　　2) The car ___________ my uncle bought last week was stolen.

　　3) The students _____________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam.

　　4) The woman _____________ you saw in the park is our English teacher.

　　5) He talked happily about the men and books _____ interested him greatly in the school.

　　3、以下情况只能用that

　　（1）先行词中既有人又有物。She took photos of things and people that she was interested in.

　　（2）当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有the only, the very, the same, the last 或only, all, any, no等修饰时。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.

　　（3）先行词是all, much, little, few, none, anything, something, nothing等不定代词。I did nothing that might hurt you.

　　（4）主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

　　（5）当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。He is not the man that he was.

　　（6）当主句以here, there 开头时。Here is a hotel that you’ve been looking for.

　　4、以下情况只能用which

　　（1）引导非限制性定语从句。Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.

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　　D. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用whose转换。

　　1) There are 100 teachers in our school, __________60 are women teachers.

　　2) He has three children, two ___________ work as teachers.

　　3) That table has four legs, all _____________ are very short.

　　4) I’m painting a house, the roof _____________ is round.

　　I’m painting a house whose roof is round.

　　5) They live in a house ,_________ windows face south.

　　They live in a house, the windows _________ face south.

　　练习：用介词＋关系代词填空

　　1 The boy was staying in the room ___________ window he could climb down.

　　2. He’s the man ____________ I learnt the news.

　　3. Who’s the man ____________ you just shook hands.

　　4. There are 52 students in our class, ___________ nearly 40 are League members.

　　5. I know a lady the husband ____________ is a Nobel Prize winner.

　　6. Do you know the driver who caused the traffic accident ____________ a man was killed.

　　7. This is the way __________ she studies English.

　　8. The 5 yuan_____________ he bought the book was given by his friend.

　　9. The story about Shakespeare, _________ this is one example , is well written.

　　10. The old man always wears his glasses _________ _________ he can’t see anything.

　　11.The key_________ she was opening the door broke.

　　12. The library ___________ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school.

　　13. No one know the reason _____________ she is leaving so early.

　　14. At last they came to a river _____________ a new bridge is being built.

　　填空：

　　1. I still remember the day _________ we spent in the forest.

　　2. I still remember the day ____________ I first came to Beijing.

　　3. The factory _________ we will visit is large.

　　4. The factory ___________ his father works is large.

　　5. I’ll never forget the time _____________ we work on the farm.

　　6. This is the house ____________ we lived last year.

　　归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点, 在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.

　　改错：

　　1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher.

　　2. Who is the boy you just shook hands with him.

　　3. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.

　　4. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.

　　5. The house where we live in is not very large.

　　6. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up in the earthquake.

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