教师资格考试中学英语知识点讲解三

　　中小学教师职业道德规范教师资格证报名条件 【词条1】combine

　　【点拨】combine vi. / vt. 联合，结合，合并。常用作结构combine ... with ...把与结合。如：

　　The two countries combined against their common enemy.

　　He combined his scientific knowledge with his friends business skill and started a company.

　　His efforts， combined with his determination， helped him achieve great success.

　　【拓展】combination n. 联合，合作， 结合combined adj. 组合的，结合的

　　【词条2】relax

　　【点拨】relax vi. / vt. 放松，使轻松。如：

　　The doctor told him to relax a week or so before going back to work.

　　This equipment will help relax your muscles.

　　【拓展】relax还可意为放宽；使松弛。如：

　　They relaxed the regulations after the reform.

　　relaxed adj. 放松的，镇定的relaxing adj. 令人放松的

　　She had a very relaxed manner.

　　Its really a relaxing walk.

　　【词条3】present

　　【点拨】present可用作动词，意为赠送；颁发(奖品等)；提出。如：

　　When Mr. Smith left our company； our manager presented him with a golden watch.

　　The winner was presented with the prize by the chairman.

　　【拓展】

　　1. present作名词，可意为礼物，赠品；现在，目前。如：

　　I dont want all these books； Ill make you a present of them.

　　She is busy at present， and she cant speak to you.

　　Lets leave things as they are for the present.

　　2. present作形容词，意为出席的，在场的；目前的，现在的。如：

　　Its unfair to discuss his case if he isnt present.

　　The present situation seems to be in their favor.

　　经典短语透视

　　【短语1】in addition to

　　【点拨】in addition to意为除之外(还有)，其中to为介词，所以后面要跟名词、代词和动名词等。如：

　　In addition to giving a general introduction to computers， the course also pro-vides practical experience.

　　【拓展】

　　1. besides作介词时，和其意思和用法相同。如：

　　We have lots of things in common besides dance.

　　2. in addition相当于副词，可译为另外，加之。如：

　　You need money and time； in addition， you need intelligence.

　　【短语2】draw upon / on

　　【点拨】draw upon / on意为凭借，利用。如：

　　Reread your previous essays for ideas and information， which you may want to draw upon.

　　A writer has to draw upon his imagination and experience.

　　【拓展】draw on / upon还可意为临近，(时光)渐渐过去。如：

　　Winter is drawing on.

　　It grew colder as night drew on.

　　【短语3】be true of

　　【点拨】be true of 意为(某种情况)适用于，适宜于。如：

　　This principle is true of everybody.

　　The food is good and the same is true of the service.

　　【拓展】根据下列例句体会与true相关短语的意义：

　　The picture is true to life. (逼真)

　　He is always true to his promise. (信守)

　　My father said I should be a lawyer and it has come true. (实现)

　　热点语法聚焦

　　一、现在完成进行时由has / have been + 动词-ing构成，其主要用法有：

　　1. 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到说话时，并且还有可能继续下去。这一用法常和表示一段时间的状语，如：

　　For three years， all this time， all ones life， all the morning， these few weeks.

　　以及由for或since引导的时间状语连用。如：

　　Hes been watching television all day.

　　I have been teaching in the middle school for ten years.

　　2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到说话时刻的动作，在说话时刻这个动作刚刚结束。如：

　　I have just been saying goodbye to my friend.

　　3. 表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内反复发生的动作。如

　　Have you been meeting him lately？

　　二、与现在完成时的比较：

　　1. 从定义上来看，现在完成时(have done)表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态，常常与already已经或ever曾经连用。如：

　　We have already learnt Unit

　　2. (我们已经学习了第二单元。)

　　She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. (她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。)

　　而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能还要进行下去的动作，具有未完成的特点，一般不与already或ever等连用。如：

　　We have been learning Unit 2. 我们一直在学习第二单元。(没学完)

　　2. 现在完成时表示次性，现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，请看以下句子：

　　I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他。)

　　I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见她。)

　　3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作，但在含上有区别。现在完成时强调的是动作的结果，而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程。如：

　　We are very tired. Weve been cleaning the house. 我们很累，我们一直在打扫房子。(强调动作)

　　Weve cleaned the house. You may come in now. 我们打扫过房子了，你可以进来了。(强调结果房子干净)

　　4. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如：

　　I have waited for two hours.我等了两个小时。(陈述事实)

　　I have been waiting for two hours.我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)

　　5. 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况；若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时。如：

　　He has lived in Paris.他(一直)住在巴黎。

　　He has been living in Paris.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)

　　6. 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。如：

　　Ive only known her for two days.我认识她刚刚两天。

　　Theyve been married for twenty years.他们结婚已二十年了。

　　The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争已经持续了很长时间。

　　7. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如：

　　The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。

　　The problem has been studied for five days.这个问题已研究了五天。