特岗教师招考英语语法专题复习：定语从句详解（一）

　　中小学教师职业道德规范特岗教师待遇 【关系代词以及基本用法】

　　【注意一】

　　1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

　　2)that前不能有介词。

　　3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when where和 why互换。

　　where = in/at + which

　　when=in/on/at/during + which

　　why = for which

　　whose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom

　　例如：

　　1. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

　　=This is the house where I lived two years ago.

　　2. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

　　=Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

　　4)whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用who或that代替，也可以省略但后边的介词提前时，只用whom。例如：

　　Do you know the man (whom/who/that) the teacher is talking to?

　　= Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking?

　　She is the person (whom/who/that) you should turn to for help.

　　= She is the person to whom you should turn for help

　　5)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语)

　　(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

　　(2) Please pass me the book whose cover (=of which the cover) is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

　　6)先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as引导定语从句, 如：as...as;so...as;such...as;the same+ 名词+as。

　　You can buy as many books as you want in this bookstore. (as作want的宾语)

　　Such computers as are used in our office are made in South Korea.(as作定语从句的主语)

　　This jewel is the same one as I showed you the other day. (as作showed的直接宾语)

　　This jewel is the same one that I showed you the other day.(that作showed的直接宾语)

　　【请注意the same + 名词 + as与the same + 名词 + that的区别】

　　(1) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.

　　她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

　　(2) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.

　　她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

　　【注意】定语从句suchas 与结果状语从句such that的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语;that在结果状语从句中不做成分。

　　(3)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.

　　(4)He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one.

　　7)先行词有比较级修饰时用than;先行词有否定词修饰时用but，表示双重否定，此时的but = who/which/that...not...

　　My mother always gives me more money than is needed. (than作定语从句主语)

　　This year, the farmers have harvested more grain than was expected. (than作定语从句主语)

　　There is not a student but wants to go to university.

　　=There is not a student who/that doesnt want to go to university.(but作定语从句主语)

　　【注意二】

　　that和which虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用that指物而不用which

　　1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：

　　This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.(作宾语可省略)

　　This is the most beautiful park that we have visited.

　　2)先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last等修饰时，例如：

　　This is the very book that Im looking for.(作宾语，可省略)

　　The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently.(作宾语，可省略)

　　3)先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：

　　The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom.(作宾语，可省略)

　　This is the third largest city that was founded in the 1980s.(作主语)

　　4)当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much, each等修饰时.

　　Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?

　　There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.

　　All that can be done has been done.

　　There is little (that) I can do for you.

　　5)当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

　　Who is the man that is standing there?

　　Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

　　6)当先行词既有人，又有物时

　　Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

　　7)先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，例如：

　　He is not the boy that he used to be.

　　China is no longer the country that it used to be.

　　8)当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which。

　　【注意三】

　　宜用which而不用that的情况

　　1.在非限制性定语从句中。

　　Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.

　　2.在关系词前有介词时。

　　This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.

　　3.当先行词本身是that时。

　　The clock is that which can tell us the time.