中国关键词(常用公文表述)中英对照

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"中国关键词"权威英译

摘自"中国关键词"项目网站，项目由国外文局和中国翻译研究院发起，中国翻译协会和中国外文局对外传播研究中心具体组织实施。微博@CATTI考试资料与资讯整理。

改革进入深水区 ............................................................................................................ 2

构建中美新型大国关系.................................................................................................. 3

国家治理体系和治理能力现代化 ................................................................................... 4

改革开放 ....................................................................................................................... 5

共同富裕 ....................................................................................................................... 6

公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的组成部分 ................................... 7

改革需要全面考量、协调推进 ....................................................................................... 8

关键技术要靠自己 ......................................................................................................... 9

发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用 ..................................................................................... 11

党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一 ........................................................... 12

邓小平理论 .................................................................................................................. 12

"大部制" ...................................................................................................................... 13

对非 "真、实、亲、诚" ............................................................................................... 13

把权力关进制度的笼子里 ............................................................................................ 14

和平、发展、合作、共赢成为时代潮流 ...................................................................... 15

和平共处五项原则 ....................................................................................................... 16

和平发展道路 .............................................................................................................. 16

坚持公平正义 .............................................................................................................. 17

简政放权 ..................................................................................................................... 18

交流互鉴的文明观 ....................................................................................................... 19

基层群众自治制度 ....................................................................................................... 20

科学发展观 .................................................................................................................. 21

"两个一百年"奋斗目标 ................................................................................................. 21

民族区域自治制度 ....................................................................................................... 22

命运共同体 .................................................................................................................. 23

民主集中制 .................................................................................................................. 23

摸着石头过河是中国智慧 ............................................................................................ 24

美丽中国 ..................................................................................................................... 25

全面建成小康社会 ....................................................................................................... 26

"亲、诚、惠、容"的周边外交理念 .............................................................................. 27

让权力在阳光下运行 ................................................................................................... 27

人民代表大会制度 ....................................................................................................... 29

人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标 ........................................................... 30

社会主义核心价值观 ................................................................................................... 31

"三个代表"重要思想 .................................................................................................... 31

丝绸之路精神 .............................................................................................................. 32

社会主义初级阶段 ....................................................................................................... 32

"三个自信" ................................................................................................................... 33

市场在资源配置中起决定性作用 ................................................................................. 34

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深化司法体制改革 ....................................................................................................... 35

社会和谐 ..................................................................................................................... 36

提升中欧全面战略伙伴关系 ........................................................................................ 36

土地制度牵一发而动全身 ............................................................................................ 37

统一战线 ..................................................................................................................... 38

完善全球经济治理 ....................................................................................................... 39

维护国家核心利益 ....................................................................................................... 39

维护和发展开放型世界经济 ........................................................................................ 40

协商民主 ..................................................................................................................... 40

新型城镇化建设 .......................................................................................................... 41

新型亚洲安全观 .......................................................................................................... 42

行政体制改革 .............................................................................................................. 43

依宪治国 ..................................................................................................................... 43

应对气候变化的基本立场 ............................................................................................ 44

依法治国 ..................................................................................................................... 45

中国梦 ......................................................................................................................... 46

中国特色社会主义 ....................................................................................................... 46

中国特色社会主义的总依据 ........................................................................................ 47

中国（上海）自由贸易试验区 ..................................................................................... 48

中国特色社会主义制度................................................................................................ 49

中国梦是人民的梦 ....................................................................................................... 50

尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利 ...................................................................... 51

中国力量 ..................................................................................................................... 52

正确的义利观 .............................................................................................................. 52

中国特色社会主义的总布局 ........................................................................................ 53 改革进入深水区

当前，中国已经进入改革的深水区，到了一个新的重要关头。发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，发展方式依然粗放，城乡区域发展差距和居民收入分配差距依然较大，社会矛盾明显增多，教育、就业、社会保障、医疗、住房、生态环境、食品药品安全、安全生产、社会治安、执法司法等关系人民切身利益的问题较多，部分人民生活困难，形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风问题突出，一些领域消极腐败现象易发多发，反腐败斗争形势依然严峻，等等。这些问题中，有的牵涉复杂的部门利益，有的在思想认识上难以统一，有的要触动一些人的奶酪，都是难啃的硬骨头。这个时候需要更大的勇气，矛盾越大，问题越多，越要敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩，勇于冲突思想观念的障碍，勇于突破利益固化的藩篱，攻坚克难，勇往直前，做到改革不停顿、开放不止步。

Reform entering a deep-water zone

At present, China's reform has entered a deep-water zone and has reached a new critical point.

Unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development remains a big problem; China's

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capacity for scientific and technological innovation is not strong; its industrial structure is distorted; its growth model is still too resource intensive; the development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is still large; income disparities are striking; social problems are increasing significantly; there are many problems affecting people's vital interests in education, employment, social security, medical services, housing, the environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, public security, law enforcement, and administration of justice; some people still lead a tough life; formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance are all a serious problem; some sectors are prone to corruption and other forms of misconduct; and the fight against corruption remains a serious challenge.

Some of these problems involve an array of departmental interests, for some it will be difficult to reach consensus, and some will encroach on certain people's interests.

So these are tough ones. Greater courage is needed.

The more problems and difficulties China faces, the more courageous it needs to be in grappling with the toughest of problems, braving the most treacherous of waters, overcoming obstacles in its way of thinking and the way it sees things, breaking down the barriers erected by vested interests, overcoming problems, and forging ahead.

China must never pause or falter in pressing ahead with reform and opening up.

构建中美新型大国关系

2013年6月，中国国家主席习近平与美国总统奥巴马在安纳伯格庄园会晤，提出共同努力构建中美新型大国关系，关于中美新型大国关系的内涵，习主席在会晤中用三句话作了概括：一是不冲突、不对抗。二是相互尊重。三是合作共赢。不冲突对抗，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。相互尊重，是构建中美新型大国关系的基本原则。合作共赢，是中美构建新型大国关系的必由之路。

Developing a new model of major power relations between China and the United States

In June 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping held meetings with United States President Barack Obama at the Annenberg Retreat in California, where he put forth the proposal of constructing a new model of major power relations between the two countries. Xi summarized the connotations of the new relationship model in three phrases during the meetings: no conflict and no confrontation, mutual respect, and win-win cooperation. "No conflict and no confrontation" is a prerequisite of the new model of major power relations between the two countries; "mutual respect" is the basic principle for this new model; and "win-win cooperation" is the only way to turn this vision into a reality.

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国家治理体系和治理能力现代化

国家治理体系和治理能力是一个国家制度和制度执行能力的集中体现。国家治理体系是在中国共产党领导下管理国家的制度体系，包括经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明和党的建设等各领域体制机制、法律法规安排，也就是一整套紧密相连、相互协调的国家制度。国家治理能力则是运用国家制度管理社会各方面事务的能力，包括改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军等各个方面。国家治理体系和治理能力是一个有机整体，相辅相成，有了好的国家治理体系才能提高治理能力，提高国家治理能力才能充分发挥国家治理体系的效能。推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，就是要适应时代变化，既改革不适应实践发展要求的体制机制、法律法规，又不断构建新的体制机制、法律法规，使各方面制度更加科学、更加完善，实现党、国家、社会各项事务治理制度化、规范化、程序化。要更加注重治理能力建设，增强按制度办事、依法办事意识，善于运用制度和法律治理国家，把各方面制度优势转化为管理国家的效能，提高党科学执政、民主执政、依法执政水平。

Modernizing China's governance system and capacity for governance

A country's governance system and governance capacity are very much reflective of that country's institutions and its ability to implement them.

China's governance system is an institutional system under the leadership of the CPC by which the country is governed.

It is comprised of institutions, mechanisms, laws and regulations regarding economics, politics, culture, society, ecological progress, and Party building. It means a complete set of closely connected and coordinated state institutions.

China's governance capacity is its actual ability to manage all affairs in Chinese society, including reform, development, and stability; internal affairs, foreign relations, and national defense; and Party, state and military affairs, through state institutions.

China's governance system and governance capacity complement each other and form an organic whole.

A good governance system is necessary to improve governance capacity, and improving governance capacity is requisite for a governance system to achieve maximum effectiveness.

To modernize it governance system and governance capacity, China needs to adapt to changing times by reforming institutions, mechanisms, laws and regulations that fail to keep pace with the development of praxis, while at the same time establishing new ones, so that all of our institutions are more rational and robust, and the governance of Party, state, and social affairs is more institutionalized, standardized and procedure-based.

China needs to work harder to improve its governance capacity, be more mindful of the need to act on the basis of institutions and in accordance with the law, and make better use of institutions and

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laws in governing the country.

It needs to use all the strength of its system to make its governance more effective, and enhance the Party's capacity to govern scientifically, democratically, and in accordance with the law.

改革开放

改革开放是中国共产党历史上一次觉醒，是决定当代中国命运的关键一招，也是决定实现"两个100年"奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键一招。改革开放永无止境，只有进行时，没有完成时。

1978年，面对十年"文化大革命"造成的危难局面，中国共产党召开了具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了对内改革、对外开放的历史新时期。其目的就是要解放和发展生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来。

中国改革开放最主要的成果是开创和发展了中国特色社会主义，中国人民的面貌、中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌、中国与世界的关系都发生了深刻的变化。中国实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的伟大历史转折。中国经济持续30年保持10%以上的增长速度，经济总量已经位居世界第二。中国解决了13亿人的温饱问题，为世界贫困人口减少的贡献超过70%。中国城镇居民人均可支配收入由343元增长到26900多元；农民人均纯收入由133元增长到8800多元，人民生活总体上达到小康水平。中国主动适应并积极参与世界格局变革调整进程，以负责任大国形象展现在世人面前，中国经济对世界经济的贡献率接近30%。中国依靠自己的力量实现了经济社会转型，没有发生对外战争、海外殖民和大规模的社会动荡，政治体制保持稳定，法治化程度不断提升，社会生活的自由度不断扩大，民众对政府的信任度接近90%。中国改革开放的成就得到国际社会广泛认可，中国发展转型的独特经验得到越来越多的国际关注。

Reform and opening up

Reform and opening up was an awakening the CPC has experienced in its history, a crucial move in making China what it is today and in achieving the Two Centenary Goals and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Reform and opening up are a never-ending process.

In 1978, to cope with the crisis resulting from the ten-year Cultural Revolution, the Eleventh CPC Central Committee held the historically significant third plenary session, which ushered in a new historic period of domestic reform and opening to the outside world.

All this was designed to liberate and develop productive forces, modernize the country and make the Chinese people prosperous.

The most important achievements of China's reform and opening up have been the creation and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the profound changes that have taken place among the Chinese people, in the country, the CPC, and the relations between China and the