2009年北京师范大学考博英语真题及答案解析

包含两部分：一、原题;二、答案详解

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北京师范大学2009年博士入学英语试题与答案详解

一、试题部分

Part I: Listening Comprehension(略)

Part II: Reading Comprehension

Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One

My mother's parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German. Every morning, be, fore going to his office, he read the German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York.

My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.

One day, the inevitable thing happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very. upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. When the day came

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浩雨：用心做好每一个

for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left.

The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had nevertheless all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their lags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station.

It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly grounded to a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station, it seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted, "It's the armistice. The war is over." For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone barked orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died. 21. Where was the narrator's family when this story took place? __________.

A．In German B．In Hungary.

C．In the United States. D．In New York

22. His grandfather ____________.

A. could not speak and read English well enough

B. knew nine languages equally well

C. knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to German

D. loved German best because it made him think of home

23. His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because ________.

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包含两部分：一、原题;二、答案详解

浩雨：用心做好每一个

A. it was war time and Germans were their enemy

B. the neighbors would mistake them as pro-German

C. it was easier to get newspapers in English in America

D. nobody else read newspapers in German during the wartime

24. The narrator’s mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war,

Because ________.

A. like everybody else at the wartime, she was very patriotic

B. she hated the war and the Germans very much

C. all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be like them

D. she liked to have a brother she could think of as a hero

Passage Two

As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.

Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items.

Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing

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business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.

One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.

25. What does the passage mainly discuss? __________.

A. Philadelphia's agriculture importance

B. Philadelphia's development as a marketing center

C. The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia

D. The administration of the city of Philadelphia

26. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because__________.

A. they provided more modem facilities than older markets

B). the High Street Market was forced to close

C). existing markets were unable to serve the growing population

D. farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.

27. The word "hinterland " in line 3 is closest in meaning to__________.

A. tradition

B. association

C. produce

D. region

28. It can be inferred that the author mentions "Linens and stockings" in line 12 to show that they were items that__________.

A. retail merchants were not willing to sell

B. were not available in the stores in Philadelphia

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C. were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia

D. could easily be transported

Passage Three

For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.

A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.

The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.

A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects, ages ten, twenty, and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.

The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied

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