英文行文格式3-感叹号引号括号

　　英文行文格式3-感叹号、引号、括号

　　7．感叹号(!)(Exclamation Mark)

　　7.1感叹号用于感叹句以及抒发某种强烈感情的感叹词或短语之后。例如： ●Help! Help! A boy has fallen into the river!

　　●“Get out!” he cried.

　　●How beautiful the girl is!

　　●Oh! What a strange hat!

　　7.2感叹号不宜使用过多。语气舒缓的不强烈的感叹句之后，可以用逗号或句号。例如：

　　●Hi, don’t worry about it.

　　●“What a fine day,” she said.

　　7.3有时在表示愿望的口号之后也使用感叹号。例如：

　　●Long live the People’s Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁!

　　8．单引号和双引号(‘’或“”)(Quotation Marks)

　　8.1不论是在对话还是引文中，直接引语的两端用双引号。引语中的引用则用单引号。例如：

　　●“ Will you go to school with me?” he asked his sister.

　　●“ Yes, I do,” she answered.

　　●Why did parents permit their children to work in mines and factories? In answering this question, the author says that there was usually nothing else to do, “except to starve.”

　　●“What do you mean by ‘evolutionary mechanism’?” one of the students asked. “你所说的‘进化装置’是什么意思？”一个学生问到。

　　8.2有一点要注意的是，间接引语不用引号。例如：

　　●The author writes that the reason why parents permitted their children to work

　　in mines and factories was that there was usually nothing else to do, except to starve. 作者写到父母们允许自己的孩子去矿山和工厂做工的原因是因为除了挨饿就没有其他的事情可做。

　　8.3记录两人或多人的谈话时，每个人说的话以及与动词有关的描写，不管长短，都应自成一段。例如：

　　●“Did you go to the zoo yesterday?” she asked her son, smiling.

　　●“Yes，I did,” he said “I had a good time there.”

　　●“I’m sure you saw the pandas.”

　　●“Of course. But there was such a crowd around them that I couldn’t get close enough to see them clearly,” he said with a sigh.

　　8.4文章、短篇故事、短诗及歌曲等的题目和书中各章节的题目，用引号标出。但书刊名称应用斜体字或下划线标明。例如：

　　●The China Daily carries an interesting article today: “How to Improve Your English”.

　　●“Life岩洞里的生活”，是《我的冒险活动》中的一章，十分有趣。

　　8.5意义特殊的词有时用引号标明。例如：

　　●Pointing to a small desk in a corner of the room, he said, “My ‘headquarters’ is there.”

　　他指着屋子角落里的一张小书桌说，“那就是我的‘司令部’了。”

　　8.6引号和其他标点符号配合使用时，（美式英语）破折号、问号和感叹号，如只是与引语有关，放在引号之内；如与整个句子有关，则放在引号之外。例如： ●“Tom,” she said, “I’ve lost my bag.”

　　●“Great Wall is like a dragon,” he said.

　　●This dictionary gives a brief explanation of “postmodernism”: a style of building,

　　decoration, art, etc., which uses an unusual mixing of old and new forms.

　　这本字典对“后现代主义”做了一个简要的说明：它是建筑、装饰、美术等的一种风格。它是新旧艺术形式的奇妙结合。

　　●He asked, “What does postmodernism mean?” ●What is the meaning of the “impressionism”? ●“Stop! Stop!” he cried.

　　9.圆括号()和方括号［］(Parentheses Brackets)

　　9.1一般插入性的、补充性的或注释性的词语用圆括号(Parentheses)来标明。例如：

　　●Bai Juyi (772 — 846)was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. ●A PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) delegation is to visit China next month. ●He is learning two courses (Linguistics and Grammar) this semester.

　　9.2用来表示详细项目的数字或字母一般放在圆括号中。例如：

　　●The word revolution means (1) a great, sudden social and political change by force;

　　(2) circular movement round a fixed point.

　　9.3括号用来标出引语中引用者加的改正或说明部分。例如：

　　●He wrote: “One great poet of the Song Dynasty［Su Shi］said that in Wang Wei’s poetry there was painting and in his paintings there was poetry.”

　　9.4如果圆括号中还需用括号，则用方括号(Brackets)代替圆括号。例如：

　　●William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White wrote a very useful little book for students learning to write (The Elements of Style ［New York: Macmillan, 1972］).