PIPING FOUNDATION海洋工程管线及附件基础资料Word

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　PIPING FOUNDATION OVERVIEW

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　PIPING FOUNDATION OVERVIEW1 12 3 4 5 5 6 WHAT IS THE PIPING ? WHAT MUST BE NOTICED ? PIPING FITTINGS 适用范围(平台) 总结与展望2

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　WHAT IS THE PIPING ?Piping systems are like arteries and veins. They carry the lifeblood of modern civilization.◆ Transport water from the sources of water supply to the points of distribution;◆ Carry crude oil from oil wells to tank farms for storage or to refineries for processing; ◆ Convey natural gas from the source and storage tank forms to points of utilization; ◆ Etc.3

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　WHAT MUST BE NOTICED ?※ Piping fundamentals ; ※ Materials ; ※ Generic and specific design considerations ; ※ Fabrication and installation ; ※ Examinations ;

　　※ Testing ;※ State and federal regulations ;

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　PIPING (CLASSIFICATION)The reference temperature of two system is different.PN (European system) :120℃ Class (American system) :425℃

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　PIPING (SIZE)

　　Diameter nominal (DN) is also a dimensionless designator of pipe size in the metric unit system, developed by the Internation Standards Organization (ISO).

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　PIPING (SIZE-calculation)We will use differential analysis to determine outside diameter of pipeline, it has two steps.

　　To examine velocity of flow whether corresponds to the standard ofGB50030-2007 or not.

　　To examine voltage drop whether corresponds to the standard of GB50030-2007 or not.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　PIPING (Wall Thickness)Schedule is expressed in numbers (5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 20S, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S,100, 120, 140, 160). A schedule number indicates the approximate value of the expression. Sch=1000 P/Swhere P is the service pressure and S is the allowable stress.

　　STD means standard weight; XS means extra strong; XXS means double extra strong;① The nominal wall thickness of NPS 10 and smaller schedule 40 pipe is same as that of STD.WT.pipe. ② Also, NPS 8 and smaller schedule 80 pipe has the same wall thickness as XS pipe.8

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　PIPING (Wall Thickness)4

　　1

　　DESIGN PRESSURE:

　　15000kpaG

　　DESIGN CODE: ASME B31.3

　　DESIGN TEMPERATURE:15-60deg. C

　　FLG RATING:ASME 150lb

　　2

　　CORROSION ALLOWANCE:0mm ALLOWABLE STRESS(S): 118000kPa

　　5

　　MTL COEFFICIENT:Y=0.4 QUALITY FACTOR E=1

　　3

　　MATERIAL:316L GB/T14976-2002 MILL TOLERANCE:12.50%.

　　6

　　weld joint strength reduction factor: w=1 PIPING SIZE:2”

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Flange)※ A flange is specified by the following information:√ Type and Facing:‘‘weld-neck RTJ’’ or ‘‘socket-weld RF.’’ √ Nominal Pipe Size (NPS); √ Flange Pressure Class. Classes 150, 300, 900, and 1500; √ Standard. ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, BS 1560, DIN or API 6A; √ Material; √ Pipe Schedule. This is only for WN and lap-joint Flange.

　　※ Facing in common platform:√ FF: P≤150lb; √ RF: P≤600lb; √ RTJ:P≥900lb;

　　※ The advantage of RF and RTJ :(next page)18

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Flange)The advantage of RF:As the contact face is smaller than FF ,The pressure to gasket in same pretightening force is

　　bigger than FF.It is easy to unload because there is a small clearance space in outer margin of the Flanges.

　　The advantage of RTJ:The contact stress make the gasket to fill and level up the sags and crests of the contact joint face. The extrusion stress from all directions make the small gap in the gasket closed.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Gasket)Principle: It will has plastometric set when gasket is compressed. So, the sags andcrests in sealing face of Flange will be filled and level up.

　　Gasket Type:Nonmetallic: PTFE ,P1Mpa、T Semi-metallic: spiral wound gasket with Graphite ,P≤600lb 、T Metallic: Octagonal Ring , P≥900lb、T

　　Spiral wound gasket with metalBasic type ; only inner rings ; only outer rings ; with inner and outer rings ;Note1: The inner and outer rings is to to reinforce pressure and prevent spiral become flexible.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Bolts and Nuts)Bolts Category:Low intensity bolts: yield strength≤206Mpa ; Medium intensity bolts: allowable stress valueA193 B7 ; High intensity bolts: allowable stress value ≥ A193 B7 ;

　　Ordinary Materials:Bolts: ASTM A193 Grade B7(GB/T3077-99 ,35CrMoA); Nuts: ASTM A194 Grade 2H(GB/T699-99 , 35CrMo) ;

　　Special Materials:We should use ASTM A193 Grade B7M for bolts and ASTM A194 Grade 2M for Nuts when the medium has sulfide stress corrosion cracking tendency. We should use ASTM A320 Grade L7 for bolts and ASTM A194 Grade 7L for Nuts in low temperature.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Reducer and Swage)Reducer:Concentric: normal condition ; Eccentric: bottom level: To avoid the low point to pyema in liquid level pipeline. top level: To avoid the high point to condensable gas or form gaseousenvelopein in gas pipeline.

　　Swage:Concentric: normal condition ;Eccentric: bottom level: top level:

　　Difference:The connection type of two side must be consistent for Reducer , but not Swage. Swage is pr

　　opitious to flow for liquid.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Union)Effect of Union:To separate one pipe which connected by union to two parts without moving pipe.

　　Connection Type with pipe:butt welding ; socket welding ; threaded connection ;

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Valves)Effect of Valve:The valves in piping systems serve the functions of allowing,stopping, regulating, and controlling the flow,to fulfill the intended objectives of the system.

　　Types of Valve:valve for general use: Gate、Ball 、Globe、Check、Butterfly、Plug ; control valve: PCV、LV;

　　solenoid pilot actuated valve ;

　　CODE:ASME B16.34 Valves — Flanged、Threaded and Welding End; API 6D Specification for Pipeline Valves (Gate、Plug、 Ball and Check Valves);

　　Note1:The basis of classification of general use valve is the type of open-close part. we could divide valve into gate, ball, globe, butterfly, needle and so on.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Gate Valve)Principle:To reach on-off movement, turn the handwheel and the wedge disc which connect to the stem by screw thread will lift or drop.

　　Advantages:They have good shutoff characteristics; They are bidirectional; The pressure loss through the valve is minimal.

　　Disadvantages:Not quick opening or closing; Large space envelope; Structure complicated.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Globe Valve)Principle:The valve clack is open-close part of globe valve, through turning valve clack with stem to realize on-off movement. Globe valve is mainly applied to open , stop and regulate flow of medium. Not be suitable for the medium with kernel,big viscosity,easy to coking;

　　Advantages:Good shutoff capability;

　　Moderate to good throttling capability;Shorter travel route,shorter open-close time (compar

　　ed to a gate valve);

　　Disadvantages:Higher pressure drop (compared to a gate valve); Requires greater force or a larger actuator to seat the valve;Note1:All globe valve are monodirectional.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Butterfly Valve)Principle:The circular butterfly plate is open-close part of butterfly valve, through turning butterfly plate with stem to realize on-off movement. Butterfly valve is mainly applied to open , stop and regulate flow of medium; The butterfly valve often used for truncation medium, we also could give them throttling capability and truncation with throttling capability if needed. At the present time, butterfly valve often used in low pressure and medium-large caliber pipeline.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Butterfly Valve)Advantages:The compact design, less space, compared to other valves; Light in weight;

　　Quick acting;It is available in large sizes; They have low-pressure drop and high-pressure recovery; Moderate to good throttling capability if needed ;

　　Disadvantages:Higher pressure drop (compared to a gate valve) ; Requires greater force or a larger actuator to seat the valve (with pressure under the seat) ; Tightness is bad.

　　Note1:Some of butterflies valve are bidirectional ,The other are monodirectional.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Check Valve)Principle:The valve clack is open-close part of check valve, through turning valve clack realize on-off movement by flow of medium. Check valve is mainly applied to open , stop and prevent the medium regorge.

　　Type:Swing ; Lift ; Butterfly ;

　　Advantages:They are self-actuated, no external means to actuate the valve; Fast acting;

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Check Valve)Disadvantages:Enclosed, difficult to determine whether the valve is open or closed ; Valve disc can stick in open position ;

　　Each type of check valve has limitations on its installation configurations.

　　Application:Lift check valve : Be used in the smaller diameter pipeline; Swing check valve: Be used in the middle and bigger diameter pipeline;

　　Note1:Lift Check Valve: horizontal installed for horizontal type and vertical installed for installed type. Swing Check Valve: horizontal or vertical with the upward flow.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Needle Valve)Principle:The valve needle is open-close part of needle valve, through turning valve needle with stem to realize on-off movement. Needle valve is mainly applied to open , stop and regulate flow of medium.

　　Advantages:Tightness is good; Unable to endure high pressure; Easy to install and unload ;

　　Moderate to good throttling capability if needed.

　　Disadvantages:Structure complicated ; Price is higher than globe valve; Only can be used in small diameter pipeline.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Typical Fittings(Angle Valve)Principle:The principle is similar with globe valve.

　　Advantages:Moderate to good throttling capability ; Unable to change flow direction of medium ; The pressure loss through the valve is minimal.

　　Disadvantages:The more diameter larger, the more allowable psid smaller.

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　swage swage nipple 可以认为是带直管段的大小头，由 于两边带有直管段，因此可以直接与螺纹、承插 类管件直连，而reducer没有直管段，不能直连。 由于只有螺纹承插需要直管段“插入”连接，而 对焊不需要，故没有两边都是对焊的swage nipple,只有大端bw,小端sw或mnpt的。 大小头也有插焊和螺纹的，大小头两端也有一小 段直管，只是比较短而已。区别再查查。

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　由壬 英文：union 音译：由壬，由任，由另，由令 又叫管接或者活接头。是一种能方便安装拆卸的常用管道连接件。 连接两管子的管件，可不动管子而将两管分开，便于检修。 由壬内部的密封面有平面(带垫)、球面、锥面等。 由壬与管道的连接方式有对焊、承插焊、螺纹等。 英文:HAMMER UNION 音译:锤击由壬 ,由壬,三爪

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　承插管件，主要是由圆钢模压锻造毛坯成型，然后经车床机加工完成的一种高压管道 连接件，其连接形式分为三种：承插焊连接、对焊连接、螺纹连接。管件制造标准参 照：ASME B16.11、HG/T 21634-1996、MSS SP-83、MSS SP -79 、GB/T 143832008、SH/T3410-96等，也可根据图纸进行非标准加工制作。 承插管件的品种包 括45弯头、90弯头、三通、四通、45斜三通、双承口管箍(管接头、拷贝仑)、 单承口管箍(半管接头、半拷贝仑)、管帽、活接头(由任)、支管台(支管座)、 电厂接管座、锻制三通等。 承插管件承受压力等级，一般承插焊接、对焊连接 形式管件压力等级分为 3000LB (SCH80)、6000LB (SCH160)、9000 (XXS)。螺纹连 接形式管件压力等级分为 2000LB 、3000LB、6000LB。 承插管件常用原材料一 般分碳钢、不锈钢、合金钢等。碳钢常用牌号有 Q235、 20# 、 A105等；不锈钢常用 牌号有304 、304L、316、316L、321、00Cr17Ni14Mo2等；合金材质常用牌号有 15CrMo、1Cr5Mo、16Mn、12Cr1MoV、F11、F22、10CrMo910等 。承插管件主 要适用于石油化工、医药卫生、电力、航天、军工、消防、冶金、造船、燃气、核电、 及环境保护等要求承压高尺寸精密的部门及领域。

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　热处理规范⊙ 20#钢热处理规范：以不热处理或热处理状态(退火、正火、高温回火)交货； 例如：正火，9100空冷，金相组织为：α+ P;

　　⊙ 16Mn热处理规范：控轧、正火、碳氮共渗淬火；

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　基本概念① 珠光体：是铁素体与渗碳体相间排列的片状组织，是机械混合物，以P表示。其强度和 硬度较高，又具有一定的塑性和韧性，是一种综合力学性能较好的组织，适于压力加

　　工及切削加工。②δ铁素体：δ铁素体是碳在δ铁中的固溶体。

　　在1493℃时，碳的最大溶解度为0.1%。 ③ 固溶体：两种在固态和液态均能相互溶解的元素所形成的单相晶体。 ④ 相：合金中具有同一化学成分、同一聚集状态并以界面分开的各自均匀的组成部分。 ⑤ 位错：是晶格中一部分晶体相对于另一部分晶体的局部滑移而造成的结果，晶体滑移部 分与未滑移部分的交界线即为位错线。 ⑥ 金属的热处理：将钢材在固态范围内进行加热、保温和冷却，从而改变其金相组织和显

　　微结构组织，获得需要性能的一种综合工艺。⑦ 淬火：将钢加热到Ac3或Ac1以上30-50度，保温后以大于临界冷却速度冷却的热处理工 艺。40

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　韧-脆转变温度⊙韧脆转变温度：低温时，位错滑移困难，导致材料的屈服强度急剧升高，在某一温度与断裂强度 相等，这个温度就是韧-脆转变温度 。继续降温，屈服强度继续升高，大于断裂强度， 所以低温下材料在没有塑性变形的条件下已经发生脆性断裂。

　　★ 20#钢韧-脆转变温度： -200C; ★ 16Mn 韧-脆转变温度：-600C;

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Piping (A2BZ) 选取◆当t﹤D/6 时，壁厚不小于下列两式中的一个：

　　c:机械余量(螺纹或沟槽深度)与腐蚀和磨损余量的总和； d:管道内径，对于压力设计计算时，管道内径应是采购技术条件下的最大值； D:管道外径； E:表A-1A或A-1B所列质量系数； P:设计内压(表压); S:材料的许用应力，查表A-1 t m:包括机加工、腐蚀或腐蚀余量在内的所需最小壁厚； t: 压力设计厚度； Y:从304.1.1查得的系数；

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　PARAMETER1DESIGN PRESSURE: 1450kpaG

　　DESIGN TEMPERATURE:140deg. C

　　4

　　DESIGN CODE: ASME B31.3

　　FLG RATING:ASME 150lb

　　2

　　CORROSION ALLOWANCE:3mm ALLOWABLE STRESS(S): 133000kPa

　　5

　　MTL COEFFICIENT:Y=0.4 QUALITY FACTOR E=1

　　3

　　MATERIAL:20# GB 6479-2000 MILL TOLERANCE:12.50%.

　　6

　　PIPING SIZE:2”OPERATING TEMPERATURE:110deg. C

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　计算结果式(3a) → 壁厚 t =0.326 mm t = 0.326mm 式(3b) → 壁厚 t = 0.307 mm

　　SCH 80 SCH 40 3.326mm = t + c = tm5.54mm 3.91mm

　　标准 API 14E要求：2”管线壁厚≥SCH80

　　t =5.54mm

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　验证环向应力σh = PD/2T(环向应力、轴向应力、径向应力(可忽略)

　　)

　　σh :环向应力 P:设计内压(表压); D:管道外径

　　;

　　T:包括机加工、腐蚀或腐蚀余量、壁厚最大负公差在内的所需最小壁厚；

　　T = 5.54(1-0.125)- 3 = 1.85mm ……

　　σs= 245Mpa

　　23.54Mpa = PD/2T=σh

　　强度完全符合要求

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Flange 选取※ 材料组别：材料组号 和 压力-温度额定等级

　　ASME B16.5 表1A

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Flange验证 16Mn :压力-温度等级为表2- 1.1 (1100C)

　　PW = 1.58Mpa P设 = 1.45Mpa47

　　PW :许用工作压力

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　Flange 密封面确定Flange密封面形式：1 RF :P﹤ 900lb 2 RTJ :P 900lb 3 FF :材料变

　　换/非金属

　　经验 ？

　　Flang:2’ 150lb SCH80 WN-RF

　　其它管件(下次)48

　　海洋工程,工艺管线及附件基础资料

　　请大家批评指正 谢谢！