《新思维英语阅读Ⅲ》教学辅导(第10章)

《新思维英语阅读Ⅲ》教学辅导（第10章）

CHAPTER 10

RURAL AND URBAN LIFE

Theme Introduction:

Population growth, combined with the fast pace of modern development, has changed both the rural and urban landscape in most parts of the world today. The rural areas have experienced pollution, wildlife has become endangered, and traditional towns and villages have lost their original charm. The growth in urban areas has put a strain on natural resources, and has made it difficult for people to live a good and healthy life. What can be done to improve this situation? This chapter will give you alternatives for the future, and tell you how life is improving in some parts of the world.

Reading Skill Practised: Identifying Writing Patterns

In previous chapters, you learned to distinguish between the main idea and details. You also learned that writers use details in each supporting paragraph to develop the main idea. Locating these details and separating them from the main idea is a very important part of reading comprehension. Often reading passages contain writing patterns that can help you locate and separate the main idea from its supporting details. If you can identify the writing style of a reading passage, you will find it easier to find the main idea and its supporting details. Once you can do this, you will be able to understand what the author is trying to say.

The following writing patterns are commonly used to develop the main ideas

· listing ·sequence · comparison and contrast · combination of patterns

Rending Skill: Pattern of Listing ( 列举事例、事件等 ) .

The listing of examples or events is one way writers develop their supporting details. Often the main idea is written as a general statement at the end of the first paragraph. Then The author develops this main idea by listing examples or events in each of the supporting paragraphs. You can recognize this writing pattern by the signal words used.

Here are some of the signal words you may come across when you read a text that is organized around listing:

the main one another other(s) a few

several many in addition besides also

numerous first second third finally

Reading Skill: Pattern of Sequence ( 以事件发生的先后顺序展开文章内容, 即正叙或倒

叙 )

Sometimes writers will develop their supporting details by using a sequence of events or steps that follow one after another. This writing pattern is often used in history, science, and other academic

reading texts. The main idea of the reading text is usually written as a general statement at the end of the first paragraph. Then the author develops this main ideal by offering the reader a sequence of events or steps in each of the supporting paragraphs. You can recognize this writing pattern by the signal words used.

Here are some of the signal words you should look for:

dates (in) years numbers seasons time of day time

before soon after during later after at the same

Reading Skill: Pattern of Comparison and Contrast ( 比较与对比 )

Writers sometimes use the pattern of comparison and contrast to show the similarities, and/or differences between two things. A comparison can include points of both similarity and difference between two things, or only the similarity between two things. A contrast includes only the differences between two things.

Here are some signal words for the comparison - contrast pattern:

Signals of difference:

in contrast unlike instead conversely differ/different from however but rather yet on the other hand although more than less than higher lower

Signals of similarity:

also similarly the same as

both like in common

Reading Skill Review: Combined Patterns ( 混合手法 )

Sometimes a reading passage has a combination of patterns. To effectively develop the main idea, the author may need to use a variety of writing patterns to organize the supporting details.

Main Idea of Reading Materials:

Reading One:

本文指出：针对哥伦比亚Gaviotas地区发展过程中遇到的诸多问题，采取了一系列行之有效的方法，从而得出结论：在发展地过程中，只要能合理地利用资源，即使存在很多问题，在Gaviotas地区仍然有可能建设可持续地生存环境。

Reading Two:

本文指出：云南DaYan古城的人们顶住各种困难，解决各种问题，努力保护古城的自然风光。最终使 DaYan古城被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产城市。

Reading Three:

本文提出了建立漂浮的海上城市的构想，指出：人们可以通过在巨轮上购买公寓的方式，实现在海上居住的梦想。

Reading Four:

本文指出：针对巴西东南部城市Curitiba存在的诸多问题，采取了一系列措施，使Curitiba成为一个最具变革的城市。