apples thinning

内容需要下载文档才能查看

Apple Best Practice Guide

Integrated pest and disease management

What is Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM)?

It is the integration of all the best management methods and practices for control of pests anddiseases:

within economic constraints

meeting all legal requirementsto achieve a sustainable, high standard of pest and disease control

so that fruit quality and yield are not impaired

minimising risks to human or animal health or to the environment from the use of plantprotection products

Basic requirements

A knowledge of the main pests and diseases of apple

How to recognise them and assess themTheir life cycles and the driving forces behind infestation or infectionVarietal susceptibilityAlternative hosts

Natural enemies

Cultural, biotechnological, biological and chemical control methods

The occurrence of resistance and how to avoid it.This information is set out in detail in this Best Practice Guide. It is also important that you:

Have knowledgeable, trained, qualified (pesticide use) and well-motivated staff includingthose who do manual work (pruning, spraying, harvesting etc.) in the orchard.

Grow varieties that are resistant or of low susceptibility to the main pests and diseases,especially, in order of priority, to scab, mildew, canker, rosy apple aphid and sawfly ifpossible.

Maintain a high standard of tree management to ensure that trees have the correctbalance between growth and regular cropping and have an open canopy structure toensure good air circulation, and easy penetration of light and spray.

http://wendang.chazidian.com

内容需要下载文档才能查看

Undertake regular, thorough assessment and recording of the levels of pests anddiseases in each orchard on the farm.

Keep accurate and comprehensive records of all actions in the orchard including sprayapplications meeting all statutory and Code of Practice requirements.

ApproachFollow the action calendar below through the season: Assess the levels and risks of pest and disease by regular orchard inspection.

Use traps and forecasting models based on weather and orchard data as set out in theaction calendar.

If control of a pest or disease is necessary, use a cultural, biological or biotechnologicalcontrol method if possible.Only use a plant protection product when necessary.

If control with a plant protection product is necessary, use the safest product to humansand the environment but which is effective against the pest.

Do not use products that are harmful to key natural enemies (e.g. do not use syntheticpyrethroids on apple as they are harmful to the orchard predatory mite, Typhlodromuspyri, and many other natural enemies).

Pest and disease action calendar

内容需要下载文档才能查看

内容需要下载文档才能查看

内容需要下载文档才能查看