托福听力conversation的逻辑框架及要点解析

很多考生在考托福听力往往会遇到一个问题：就是听和记笔记不能兼顾，那么在这种情况下一定是以听为主，记笔记为辅，尤其是对于conversation来说听懂比记笔记更显的重要，那么有些学生就可能要问了“一篇文章这么长，我不可能把所有的细节都记在脑海中的”。其实不然，只要我们在听conversation时抓住其框架，并且把框架里的一些重要的要点抓住就可以了。下面笔者来给大家讲解一下conversation的逻辑框架以及框架中的一些要点。

我们知道conversation大体可以分成2类：

1. Service Encounter(一般是学生和学校工作人员之间的对话)

2. Office Hour(一般是学生和教授之间的对话)

但不管是哪一类，学生都是有了问题去找对方的，那么我们首先要听明白学生的问题是什么，学生的问题一般都是由一些信号词引出来的：I was wondering/I was thinking/My problem is/Here is my question，等等，下面我们来看一个实例(TPO17-C2)：

Manager

What can I do for you, John?

Student

Well, I work week nights, except for Friday. I was wondering if I could switch from working the dinner service to working at lunch.

对应的题目：

1. Why does the man go to see the woman?

A. To complain about customers.

B. To request an increase in his pay.

C. To ask for a change in his work schedule.

D. To apply for a job playing music in the dining hall.

那么学生的问题提出来以后就要分析产生这个问题的原因了，当然这个原因学生和老师都有可能说，我们还是来看一个实例(TPO17-C2)：

Manager

That’s going to be a problem. I am afraid we don’t have any openings at lunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us to have an open spot at that time of day.

Student

Oh, you see, Ihave joined this group, the University Jazz Band, and the band’s practice time is right around dinner time. You know, it is so hard to get into this group; I must have auditioned like ten times since I have been at the school, so I am...

Anyway, so I was really hoping to have the dinner hour free so I can go to practice.

对应的题目：

2. What activity does the man want to be able to do at dinnertime?

A. Prepare for his morning music classes.

B. Rehearse with a school music group.

C. Play jazz for the faculty in the dining hall.

D. Eat with classmates from his music class.

这里学生换工作时间的原因就是学生参加了一个大学里的爵士乐队，爵士乐队要排练

原因分析完了以后一定会针对学生的问题给出相应的建议的，就是解决问题了。我们也以一道实例来看一下(TPO17-C2)

Manager

Well, if you don’t mind working in the kitchen, we’ve got some pretty flexible hours for students doing food-prep work, anything from early morning to late afternoon.

Student

What’s prep work?

Manager

You prepare food for the cooks. You know, like cutting up vegetables for soup, or cleaning greens for salads.

对应的题目：

3. The woman asks the man to consider a different job. What kind of work would the man have to do for the new job?

A. Get ingredients ready for a meal.

B. Clean kitchen equipment for the cooks.

C. Prepare the weekly menu for the dining hall.

D. Coordinate schedules for student workers.

这道题考的考点就是在给出解决方法上

所以总结一下，就是对于conversation而言，我们在听完后一定要能抓住这篇文章的框架：提出问题-分析问题-解决问题。

那么在这个大的框架下，还有哪些细节是需要注意的呢?我们看看以下几个在conversation中比较重要的细节：

1. 老师的要求：(学术话题多考)：老师对作业，论文，的要求。

信号词：required，requirement，you need to, you should…

2. 额外信息(如果文中出现必考)：conversation中的额外信息就是一些其他的人，比如：Classmates, other students等，一定要听和主角或者主题相关的信息

3. 语气转变：明显语气转变，如一些语气词：in fact， actually， wow等