教师资格考试中学英语知识点讲解七

　　中小学教师职业道德规范教师资格证报名条件 【词条1】worth

　　【点拨】worth为形容词，意为值得的；有价值的，一般只作表语，后可接名词、代词或动名词，不接不定式，也不接被动语态。如：

　　Each of these stamps is worth a penny.

　　His suggestion is worth considering.

　　【拓展】

　　1. worthy为形容词，意为值得的，有价值的，常作定语或表语。后常跟of， 可接名词或动名词，也可接动词不定式。如：

　　They are not worthy of being chosen.

　　They are not worthy to be chosen.

　　2. worthwhile 为形容词，意为值得干的，有价值的。Its worthwhile doing / to do ... 值得做。如：

　　Its worthwhile asking / to ask him to join the club.

　　【词条2】involve

　　【点拨】involve意为包括，包含。如：Winning this game involves both skill and patience.

　　【拓展】involve还可意为牵涉，牵连。常用作结构involve in 使牵连进去。如：

　　Dont involve yourself in unnecessary expenses.

　　【词条3】focus

　　【点拨】focus为名词，意为焦点，集中点。常用短语和结构有：be the focus of attention成为关注的焦点；The focus of sth. is on sth. 的焦点是。如：

　　The university studentsemployment is now the focus of attention.

　　【拓展】focus还可用作动词，意为把注意力集中在上，常用搭配focus on / upon sb. / sth.， 意思与concentrate on相同。如：

　　Youd better focus on your study for the exam is coming.

　　经典短语透视

　　【短语1】be concerned about

　　【点拨】be concerned about意为对担心；对关心， 与be concerned for意思相同。如：

　　Many scientists are concerned about the impact of global warming on the world.

　　As a nurse， she is deeply concerned about the health of her patients.

　　【拓展】与concern相关的其他用法：

　　be concerned with与有关；涉及；as far as ... be concerned就而言；concerning介词，关于。如：

　　Todays lesson is concerned with English Literature.

　　As far as Im concerned， science and arts education shouldnt be separated.

　　I havent learnt anything concerning this matter before.

　　【短语2】feed on

　　【点拨】feed on意为以为食物。如：

　　Owls feed on mice and other small animals.

　　【拓展】1. feed on与live on为同义词，但feed on常侧重指(动物)以为食；而live on既可以指(动物)以为食，又可以指(人)以为食。如：

　　Southerners usually live on rice while people in the north live on wheat.

　　2. feed sth. to ... = feed ... on sth. 意为用喂。如：

　　My little son often feeds bread to the ducks.

　　She fed her guests on the produce of her garden.

　　【短语3】stand for

　　【点拨】stand for意为代表， 象征某种含义，不用于被动语态。如：

　　Do you know what the initials GDP stand for？

　　【拓展】

　　1. stand for还有主张，支持；容忍，忍受之意，作容忍，忍受讲时，常用于否定句或疑问句中。如：

　　Which team do you stand for？

　　Teachers usually wont stand for any cheating of their students.

　　2. 根据下列例句体会与stand相关的常用短语的意义和用法：

　　Marys red hair made her stand out in the crowd. (突出，显眼)

　　No matter what happens Ill stand by you. (支持)

　　热点语法聚焦

　　定语从句是考试的热点，也是同学们学习的难点。我们应从以下几方面把握定语从句。

　　一、关系代词及关系副词引导的定语从句

　　选择使用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句的句子结构。因为关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当的成分是不一样的。

　　【考试例析】The Science Museum， _____ we visited during a trip to Britain， is one of Lon-dons tourist attractions.

　　A. which B. what C. that D. where

　　：选A。分析从句句子结构可知从句缺少宾语，且该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Science Museum，因此需要关系代词which引导该从句。

　　注意：近年来考试题对关系副词where引导的定语从句的考查的频率非常高，其先行词由明显表示地点的词，转变为其他一些地点意义较模糊的词，如：situation， case， occasion等。

　　【考试例析】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

　　A. where B. when C. who D. which

　　：选A。先行词为cases，关系副词where引导该定语从句且在从句中充当状语。

　　二、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

　　关于介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，要把握好介词的选择。介词的选择至少要考虑两个因素：先行词与介词之间的习惯搭配；从句中动词与介词的习惯搭配。

　　【考试例析】Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ________ people were eaten by the tiger.

　　A. in which B. by which C. which D. that

　　：选A。先行词为the scenes， in which 在从句中充当状语。显然介词in的选择就是看其与先行词the scenes的搭配。

　　三、as引导的定语从句

　　关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

　　当先行词有the same， such， so， as等修饰时，我们常用关系代词as来引导该限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句时，as可以在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，其先行词为整个句子，可译为正如。多用于as is known， as is said above， as can be seen， as is mentioned， as is reported 句式中。

　　注意：which也可引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词也可以是整个句子，但引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面；as有正如，正像之意，而which没有。

　　【考试例析】________ I explained on the phone， your request will be considered at the next meeting.

　　A. When B. After C. As D. Since

　　：选C。as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为your request will be considered at the next meeting。句意：正如我在电话里解释的，下一次会议将考虑你的要求。