非文学翻译01

第01讲 翻译的道德观和文体的概念

道德观

1.

2.

3.

4. Ethics of representation； Ethics of service； Ethics of communication； Norm-based ethics

Striving for Excellence

Excelling in a practice brings a sense of satisfaction in its own right (what MacIntyre calls internal goods ), quite apart from any external benefits. Entering into a practice means entering into a relationship with its history and tradition (its narrative, in fact) and its contemporary practitioners. It also means accepting the authority of prevailing standards of excellence (at least initially), and striving to achieve them, even to exceed them. Achieving this excellence not only enriches the person involved but also the community at large. Roughly speaking, a virtue can then be defined as an acquired human quality that helps a person strive for excellence in a practice (MaIntyre 1981: 178). Such virtues include trustworthienss, turthfulness, fairness, and the courage to take risks in caring for others. Apart from virtues, practices also involve purely technical skills.

A Hieronymic Oath

1. I swear to keep this Oath to the best of my ability and judgment. [Commitment]

2. I swear to be a loyal member of the translator’s professions, respecting its history. I am

willing to share my expertise with colleagues and to pass it on to trainee translators. I will not work for unreasonable fees. I will always translate to the best of my ability. [loyalty to the profession]

3. I will use my expertise to maximize communication and minimize misunderstanding across

language barriers.[Understanding]

4. I swear that my translations will not represent their source texts in unfair way. [Truth]

5. I will respect my readers by trying to make my translations as accessible as possible,

according to the conditions of each translation task. [Clarity]

6. I undertake to respect the professional secrets of my clients and not to exploit clients’

information for personal gain. I promise to respect deadlines and to follow clients’ instructions. [Trustworthiness]

7. I will be honest about my own qualifications and limitations; I will not accept work that is

outside my competence. [Truthfulness]

8. I will inform clients of unresolved problems, and agree to arbitration in cases of dispute.

[Justice]

9. I will do all I can to maintain and improve my competence, including all relevant linguistic,

technical and other knowledge and skills. [Striving for excellence]

文体

第二次世界大战中，罗斯福下达灯火管制的命令，秘书写了一稿

秘书

Such preparations shall be made as will completely obscure all Federal buildings and non-Federal buildings occupied by the Federal Government during an air raid for any period of time from visibility by reason of internal or external illumination. Such obscuration may be obtained either by blackout construction or by termination of the illumination. This will, of course, require that in building areas in which production must continue during the blackout, construction must be provided that internal illumination may continue. Other areas, whether or not occupied by personnel, may be obscured by terminating the illumination.

罗斯福

Tell them that in buildings where they have to keep the work going, put something across the window. In buildings where they can afford to let the work stop for a while, turn out the lights.

本周作业

一、翻译，注意语体正式程度差异：

1． To some scholars, instruction emanates from lecture or laboratory; to others it

radiates from within. No scholar is so well taught as he who can teach himself.

学人中有受教于讲堂、实验室者，亦有教发之于内者。能自教自学，则学人中之最上乘矣。

2． Although learning is judged to require from teachers (and sometimes indeed it

does), the real instructors may be found not so much in school or in great laboratories as in the student’s own powers of insight.

学识得之于导师是人所共见的，有时也确乎如此。但是，真正的“导师”大都不出自学校或实验室，而是学者本人的洞察力。

3． We think we learn from teachers, and we sometimes do. But the teachers are not

always to be found in school or in great laboratories. Sometimes what we learn depends upon our own powers of insight.

大家都说我们是向老师求教，一般说来，情形的确如此。但是老师也并不只有在学校里或大实验室里才能找到。有时候，我们学到了东西，靠的是自己的心明眼亮。

4． You know, people are always saying they learn from teachers! OK, so they do,

sometimes. But what I want to get across is this: you don’t always find your teachers in schools or in labs, either. No sir! Sometimes you find the teacher right in your own eyes and ears and brains. That’s where it’s at!

大家总是说教学教学，教师教，学生学。不错，有时候是那么回事。但是，依我看，老师也不是只有在学校里或者在实验室里才能找到，不是的！有时“教师”就在你自己的脑袋里，在你的耳朵里、眼睛里，就是这么回事！

二、翻译，注意体裁差异：

In climatology, season of the year between winter and summer during which temperatures gradually rise. It is generally defined in the Northern Hemisphere as extending from the vernal equinox (day and night equal in length), March 20 or 21, to the summer solstice (year's longest day), June 21 or 22, and in the Southern Hemisphere from September 22 or 23 to December 22 or 23. The spring temperature transition from winter cold to summer heat occurs only in middle and high latitudes; near the Equator, temperatures vary little during the year. Spring is very short in the polar regions.

（Encyclopædia Britannica，Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009.）

在气候学上，一年中介于冬天和夏天之间，气温逐渐升高的季节即是春季。在北半球通常定义为从3月20日或21日的春分（白昼和夜晚一样长的那天）到6月21日或22日的夏至（一年中白昼最长的那天）的一段时间，南半球的春季则从9月22日或23日开始，到12月22日或23日结束。春天温度从冬日寒冷到夏日 炎热的变化仅仅出现在中纬度和高纬度地区；在靠近赤道的地方，全年温差不大。极地春天非常短暂。

Springs are not always the same. In some years, April bursts upon our Virginia hills in one prodigious leap and all the stage is filled at once, whole choruses of tulips, arabesques of forsythia, cadenzas of flowering plum. The trees grow leaves overnigh春天并非总是一模一样。四月，有时不知怎地一跃，就来到了弗吉尼亚的山坡上——转眼到处生机勃勃。郁金香组成了大合唱，连翘展示出优美的舞姿，洋李奏起华彩乐段。一夜之间，林木着装，绿叶瑟瑟。

In other years, spring tiptoes in. It pauses, overcome by shyness, like my grandchild at the door, peeping in, ducking out of sight, giggling in the hallway. “I know you are out there,” I cry. “Come in!” and April slips into our arms.

春天有时又蹑手蹑脚，像我的小孙女一样，羞羞答答地倚在门外，向里探探头，一闪又不见了，只是在门厅里咯咯地笑。“我知道你在那儿藏着呢，”我喊道。“进来！”春天这才悄然跑进了我的怀抱。

A young lady home from school was explaining. “take an egg,” she said, “and make a perforation in the base and a corresponding one in the apex, then apply the lips to the aperture, and by forcibly inhaling the breath, the shell is entirely discharged of its contents.”

An old lady who was listening exclaimed: “It beats all how folks do things nowadays. When I was a gal, they made a hole in each end and sucked”

一位小姑娘从学校回到家，说：“取一个鸡蛋，在底部弄个孔，在顶部相应部位也弄个孔，然后嘴唇对准孔，用力吸气，里面的就全部脱离蛋壳了。”正在倾听的老妇人惊呼：“真想不到！现在的人们是这么做的。当我还是小姑娘时，人们在每个上面弄个孔然后吸。”

三、翻译这段新闻并加上英文标题

The station consultants in the Spring Festival travel rush

江西南昌火车站是京九线上唯一的省会枢纽站，这两天日均发送旅客近10万人。旅客们拎着大包小包，让本就拥挤的车站显得更加拥挤。

The Nanchang railway station of Jiangxi province is the only provincial capital junction station on Beijing - Kowloon Line, and the average daily passengers arrive 100 thousand in the past two days. The passengers carry big pieces of luggage made the crowd station more crowded.

春运期间，站台疏导员每天飞奔在站台和车厢之间，帮助行色匆匆的旅客解决各种难题。

During the Spring Festival travel rush, the station consultants are busying between platform and carriage for helping the hurried passengers solve all kinds of difficulties.

刘亮是一名站台疏导员，他和其他三名小伙子，各管三节车厢，疏导旅客快速、安全地上车。

Liu liang is a station consultant, and he and other three young consultants charge each carriage leading passengers into carriage in high speed and safety.

春运期间，平均每节车厢有近百名无座乘客，拥挤，吵闹，让人们变得焦躁。刘亮说，在这里维持秩序，不仅得有好力气，还得有好脾气。

During the Spring Festival travel rush, every carriage average has 100 passengers without seats, and crowded and noisy carriage made people fuss. Liu Liang said maintain order in station not only needs strength but also good temper.

车厢连接处相对宽敞，很多无座的旅客习惯一上来就占个地方，导致后面的乘客

无法上车。刘亮要在三节车厢里来回走动，疏导车厢连接处的乘客。

The joint of carriage has more space than other place, and many passengers without seats occupied this place as usual caused hard to get the carriage for behind passengers. Liu liang move forth and back through three stations leading the passengers in the joints.

乘客放置行李也是他们最操心的。

The luggage s placement is their most to worry about thing.

由于车厢内和室外温差大，刘亮自备了一些混有板蓝根的矿泉水。他说这样一来可以解渴，还可以预防感冒。

Because the different temperature between carriage and outdoor, Liu Liang mixed the isatis root into drinking water for preventing cold.

刘亮：“那个行李啊，尖角的一定要往里面放，有没有锐物啊，不要捅出来，尽量往里面放。”

He said: “That luggage with sharp must put inside! Don t poke out! Put inside!” 在疏导了40多趟列车之后，小伙子们终于可以坐下来歇歇，吃顿晚饭。

After leading about 40 trains, the young consultants finally have a rest and take the lunch.