英语语言学试题1

英语语言学试题（1）

第一部分 选择题

I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide

which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the

letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)

1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people

actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,

it is said to be ___.

A、 prescriptive

B、 sociolinguistic

C、 descriptive

D、 psycholinguistic

2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.

A、 mouth

B、 lips

C、 tongue

D、 vocal cords

3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.

A、 bound morpheme

B、 bound form

C、 inflectional morpheme

D、 free morpheme

4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that

introduces the embedded clause.

A、 coordinator

B、 particle

C、 preposition

D、 subordinator

5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."

A、 is synonymous with

B、 is inconsistent with

C、 entails

D、 presupposes

6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way

speakers interpret sentences is called ___.

A、 semantics

B、 pragmatics

C、 sociolinguistics

D、 psycholinguistics

7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes,

which are ___ or generalization.

A、 elaboration

B、 simplification

C、 external borrowing

D、 internal borrowing

8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and

straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A、 Lingua franca

B、 Creole

C、 Pidgin

D、 Standard language

9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in

addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation

of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language,

namely, ___ .

A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus

B、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex

C、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons

D、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious

development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in

daily communicative situations.

A、 learning

B、 competence

C、 performance

D、 acquisition

第二部分 非选择题

II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with

one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that

you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the

letter given. (1%×10=10%)

11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k of the rules of

his language.

12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e,

they are all b .

13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of

words and the rules by which words are formed.

14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a

number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.

15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are

called c synonyms.

16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to

something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of

enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .

18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's),

Black English can d the form of "be".

19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short

period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for

first language acquisition.

20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2

training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target

language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.

III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or

false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each

statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you

think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)

()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given

more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both

Chinese and English.

()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This

indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings

of its components.

()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.

()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects

such as British English and American English but cannot be found within

the variety itself, for example, within British English or American

English. ()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated

and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational

implicatures arise.

()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken

today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.

()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech

situations known as domains.

()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,

speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.

()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first

language.

IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for

illustration. (3%×10=30%)

31、duality

32、diachronic linguistics

33、broad transcription

34、morphological rules

35、phrase structure rule

36、relational opposites

37、componential analysis

38、context

39、euphemism

40、brain lateralization

V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)

41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in

English for illustration.

42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.

英语语言学试题（1）

语言学试题参考答案

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

1、C 2、C 3、D 4、D 5、D

6、B 7、B 8、C 9、A 10、D

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

11、knowledge

12、bilabial

13、morphology

14、sentence

15、complete

16、representatives

17、coinage

18、delete

19、critical

20、interlanguage

三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

21、F

Actually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.