外文文献-中文翻译-c#

外文文献-中文翻译-c#

英文原文1：

《Professional C# Third Edition》Simon Robinson，Christian Nagel, Jay Glynn, Morgan Skinner, Karli Watson, Bill Evjen. Wiley Publishing, Inc. 2006 Where C# Fits In

In one sense, C# can be seen as being the same thing to programming languages http://wendang.chazidian.com is to the Windows environment. Just as Microsoft has been adding more and more features to Windows and the Windows API over the past decade. Visual Basic and C++ have undergone expansion. Although Visual Basic and C++ have ended up as hugely powerful languages as a result of this, both languages also suffer from problems due to the legacies of how they have evolved.

In the case of Visual Basic 6 and earlier, the main strength of the language was the fact that it was simple to understand and didn't make many programming tasks easy, largely hiding the details of the Windows APT and the COM component infrastructure from the developer. The downside to this was that Visual Basic was never truly object-oriented, so that large applications quickly become disorganized and hard to maintain. As well as this, because Visual Basic's syntax was inherited from early versions of BASIC (which, in turn, was designed to be intuitively simple for beginning programmers to understand, rather than lo write large commercial applications), it didn't really lend itself to well-structured or object-oriented programs.

C++, on the other hand, has its roots in the ANSI C++ language definition. It isn’t completely ANSI compliant for the simple reason that Microsoft first wrote its C++ compiler before the ANSI definition had become official, but it conics close. Unfortunately, this has led to two problems. First, ANSI C++ has its roots in a decade-old state of technology, and this shows up in a lack of support for modern 1

外文文献-中文翻译-c#

concepts (such as Unicode strings and generating XML documentation), and in some archaic syntax structures designed for the compilers of yesteryear (such as the separation of declaration from definition of member functions). Second, Microsoft has been simultaneously trying to evolve C++ into a language that is designed for high-performance (asks on Windows, and in order to achieve that they've been forced to add a huge number of Microsoft-specific keywords as well as various libraries to the language.

The result is that on Windows, the language has become a complete mess. Just ask C++ developers how many definitions for a string they can think of: char*, LPTSTR, string, CString (MFC version), CString (WTL version), wchar_l*, OLECHAR*, and so on.

Now http://wendang.chazidian.com—a completely new environment that is going to involve new extensions to both languages. Microsoft has gotten around this by adding yet more Microsoft-specific keywords to C++, and by completely revamping Visual Basic into Visual http://wendang.chazidian.com, a language that retains some of the basic VB syntax but that is so different in design that we can consider it to be, for all practical purposes, a new language. It?s in this context that Microsoft has decided to give developers an alternative—a language designed specifically http://wendang.chazidian.com, and designed with a clean slate. Visual C# .NET is the result. Officially, Microsoft describes C# as a ''simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language derived from C and C++.” Most independent observers would probably change Chat to '"derived from C, C++, and Java.^ Such descriptions are technically accurate but do little to convey the beauty or elegance of the language. Syntactically, C# is very similar to both C++ and Java, to such 2

外文文献-中文翻译-c#

an extent that many keywords are (he same, and C# also shares the same block structure with braces ({}) to mark blocks of code, and semicolons to separate statements. The first impression of a piece of C# code is that it looks quite like C++ or Java code. Behind that initial similarity, however, C# is a lot easier to learn than C++, and of comparable difficulty to Java. Its design is more in tune with modern developer tools than both of those other languages, and it has been designed to give us, simultaneously, the ease of use of Visual Basic, and the high performance, low-level memory access of C++ if required. Some of the features of C# arc:

LI Full support for classes and object-oriented programming, including both interface and implementation inheritance, virtual functions, and operator overloading.

□ A consistent and well-defined set of basic types.

□ Built-in support for automatic generation of XML documentation.

□ Automatic cleanup of dynamically allocated memory.

□ The facility to mark classes or methods with user-defined attributes. This can be useful for documentation and can have some effects on compilation (for example, marking methods to be compiled only in debug builds).

□ Full access to http://wendang.chazidian.com base class library, as well as easy access to the Windows API (if you really need it, which won’t be all that often).

□ Pointers and direct memory access are available if required, but the language has been designed in such a way that you can work without them in almost all cases. □ Support for properties and events in the style of Visual Basic.

LJ Just by changing the compiler options, you can compile either to an executable or to a library http://wendang.chazidian.com components that can be called up by other code in the same way as 3

外文文献-中文翻译-c#

ActiveX controls (COM components).

LI C# can be used to write http://wendang.chazidian.com dynamic Web pages and XMLWeb services.

Most of the above statements, it should be pointed out. do also apply to Visual http://wendang.chazidian.com and Managed C++. The fact that C# is designed from the start to work http://wendang.chazidian.com, however, means that its support for the features http://wendang.chazidian.com is both more complete, and offered within the context of a more suitable syntax than for those other languages. While the C# language itself is very similar to Java, there are some improvements: in particular. Java is not designed to work with http://wendang.chazidian.com environment.

Before we leave the subject, we should point out a couple of limitations of C#. The one area the language is not designed for is time-critical or extremely high performance code—the kind where you really are worried about whether a loop takes 1.000 or 1,050 machine cycles to run through, and you need to clean up your resources the millisecond they arc no longer needed. C++ is likely to continue to reign supreme among low-level languages in this area. C# lacks certain key facilities needed for extremely high performance apps, including the ability to specify inline functions and destructors that are guaranteed to run at particular points in the code. However, the proportions of applications that fall into this category are very low.

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外文文献-中文翻译-c#

中文译文1:

《C#的优点》

C#在某种程度上k可以打作足.NET面向Windows环境的种编程语言。在过去的十儿 年里，Microsoft给Windows和Windows API添加了许多功能，VB和C++也经历了许多变化。虽然VB和C++最总已成为非常强大的语言，但这两种语也存在N题，因为它们保留了原来的一些内容。

对于Visual Basic来说，它的主要优点足很容易理解，许多编程工作都很容易完成， 基本上隐藏了 Windows API和COM组件结构的内涵，其缺点是Visual Basic从来没有实现真正意义上的面向对象，所以大型应用程序很难分解和维护。另外，因为VB的语法继承 于BASIC的早期版本（BASIC主要足为了让初学者更容易理解，而不是为了编写大型商业应用程序），所以不能真正成为结构化或面向对象的编程语言.

另一面，C++在ANSI C++语言定义中有其自己的根。它与ANSI不完全兼容，因为 Microsoft是在ANSI定义标准化之前编写C++编译器的，但已经相当接近了。遗憾的是， 这导致了两个问题。其一，ANSI C++是在十几年前的技术条件下开发的，因此不支持现在的概念(例如Unicode字符串和生成XML文档），某些古老的语法结构是为以前的编译器设计的(例如成员函数的声明和定义是分开的)。其二，Microsoft 同时还试图把C++演变为一种用于在Windows上执行高性能任务的语言——在语言中避免添加大量Microsoft专用的关键字和各种库。其结果是在

Windows中，该语言成为了以种非常杂乱的语言。让一个 C++开发人员说说字符串有多少个定义方式就可以说明这点：char*、LPTSTR、string、 CString(MFC 版本)、CString(WTL 版本)、wchar_t*和 OLECHAR*等。

现在进入.NET时代一种全新的环境，它对这两种语言都进行了新的扩展。 5