专业英语蒋恩娜 2013811705

《专业英语》期中报告

Telemedicine

远程医疗

Telemedicine may be as simple as two health professionals discussing a 远程医疗可以简单到两名医务工作者通过电话

case over the telephone, or as complex as using satellite technology and 讨论一个病例，或者复杂到通过卫星技术和

video-conferencing equipment to conduct a real-time consultation between 视频会议系统在两个不同国家的医学专家之间

medical specialists in two different countries.It can also involve the use of an 进行实时的医疗咨询。同时这种医疗也包含使用

unmanned robot. Telemedicine generally refers to the use of communications 无人操纵的机器人。远程医疗通常指的是通过通信

and information technologies for the delivery of clinical care. 和信息技术来进行临床保健。

Care at a distance (also called in absentia care), is an old practice which 远程服务（也叫做缺席服务）是一项古老的业务，

was often conducted via post; there has been a long and successful history 通常通过通告来实现；这儿具有漫长而成功的历史

of in absentia health care, which has metamorphosed into what we know as 由于缺席医疗服务，它已发展成为现在我们所了解的

modern telemedicine thanks to the modern communication technology. 现代远程医疗，由于有了现代通信技术。

1

In its early manifestations, African villagers used smoke signals to warn 在其早期的表现中，非洲的村民们使用烟作为信号来警告

people to stay away from the village in case of serious disease. In the early 人们离开村庄，避免严重的疾病。在20世纪初，

1900s, people living in remote areas in Australia used two-way radios, 生活在澳大利亚偏僻地区的人们用双向无线电，

powered by a dynamo driven by a set of bicycle pedals, to communicate 能源是用由自行车踏板驱动的发电机提供的，来

with the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia.

与澳洲皇家飞行医生服务进行通信。

The terms e-health and telehealth are at times wrongly interchanged with 电子保健和远程保健这些概念有时会混淆起来和

telemedicine. Like the terms “medicine” and “health care”, telemedicine 远程医疗。就像医疗和保健两个词有所不同一样，远程医疗

often refers only to the provision of clinical services while the term telehealth 通常仅指提供临床服务，而远程保健

can refer to clinical and non-clinical services such as medical education, 可以指临床和非临床的服务，后者如医学教育、

administration, and research.The term e-health is often, particularly in the UK 行政管理和研究。电子保健这个概念通常，特别在英国

and Europe, used as an umbrella term that includes telehealth, electronic 和欧洲，是一个总括词包含远程保健，电子

2

medical records, and other components of health IT.

医疗记录，和其他保健信息技术中的元素。

Types of telemedicine

远程医疗的类型

Telemedicine is practiced on the basis of two concepts: real time

远程医疗基于两个概念来实行：实时

(synchronous) and store-and-forward (asynchronous).

（同步）和保存并转发（异步）。

Real time telemedicine could be as simple as a telephone call or as complex 实时远程医疗可以像电话那样简单，也可以复杂像

as robotic surgery. It requires the presence of both parties at the same time and a 机器人外科那样。它的实现需要双方同时在线，并

communications link between them that allows a real-time interaction to take 在他们之间有通信连接并允许实时交互

place. Video-conferencing equipment is one of the most common forms of 发生。电话会议设备就是运用最广泛的类型之一在

technologies used in synchronous telemedicine.There are also peripheral 当前同步远程医疗中。另外还有外部

devices which can be attached to computers or the video-conferencing 设备可以接到计算机或视频会议

equipment which can aid in an interactive examination. For instance, a 设备上，在交互检查中提供帮助。就好比，

3

tele-otoscope allows a remote physician to ?see? inside a patient?s ear; a 远程耳镜可以让远方的医师“观察”病人耳中情况，

tele-stethoscope allows the consulting remote physician to hear the patient?s 而远程听诊器可以让咨询医师听到病人的

heartbeat. Medical specialties conducive to this kind of consultation include 心跳。有助于这种咨询的医学专科包含

psychiatry, internal medicine, rehabilitation, cardiology, pediatrics, obstetrics 精神病学、内科医学、康复学、心脏病学、小儿科学、产科学

and gynecology and neurology.

和妇科医学以及神经学。

Store-and-forward telemedicine involves acquiring medical data (like 保存并转发的远程医疗包含获取医学数据（如

medical images, biosignals etc.) and then transmitting this data to a doctor or 医学图像、生物医学信号等等），然后将这些数据发送给估计不在线的医生 medical specialist at a convenient time for assessment offline. It does not require 或医学专家在方便的时候。该方式不需要

the presence of both parties at the same time. Dermatology, radiology, and 双方同时在线。皮肤医学、放射医学和

pathology are common specialties that are conducive to asynchronous 病理学是有益于异步远程医疗的一些普遍

telemedicine. A properly structured Medical Record preferably in electronic 专科。一个结构适当、更适宜电子

4

form should be a component of this transfer.

形式的病史档案将是这种转发中的一个必要因素。.

Telemedicine is most beneficial for populations living in isolated

远程医疗是最有帮助的对于那些生活

communities and remote regions and is currently being applied in virtually all 在孤立社区或偏远地区的人群，而且事实上目前正应用于所有

medical domains. Specialties that use telemedicine often use a “tele” prefix; for 医疗领域。有关远程医疗的运用都有一个特性，就是用”tele”做前缀； example, telemedicine as applied by radiologists is called teleradiology. 例如，放射学家使用的远程医疗就被叫做远程放射学。

Similarly telemedicine as applied by cardiologists is termed as telecardiology, 同样的，心脏病学家使用的远程医疗就被称为远程心脏病学， etc.

等等。

Telemedicine is also useful as a communication tool between a general 远程医疗也是全科医生与远地专家之间

practitioner and a specialist available at a remote location.

有用的交流工具。

The focus of telemedicine has mainly been consultative, meaning a general 远程医疗的焦点主要是咨询，意味着

practitioner consulting a specialist or a specialist consulting another specialist. 全科医生向专家咨询，或者一位专家向另一位专家咨询。

5