阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口第11街道大桥公园

美国华盛顿特区11街道大桥公园设计竞赛 / 竞赛

阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口

第11街道大桥公园

11th St. Bridge Park

Anacostia Crossing,

1 交流的场所

我们设计的第11街道大桥公园——阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口是一个交流的场所。阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口上的公园将通过一系列的户外活动空间和活动区域，连接历史上分离的河流两岸。这些活动空间和活动区域提供了一个悬挂在阿纳卡斯蒂亚河上空却又固定的有趣场所。

来自河流两岸的道路宛若跳板——逐渐上升的斜坡让游客能够最大限度地利用观景平台来欣赏任何一边的地标景观。阿纳卡斯蒂亚河道路在河流上方延伸，连接形成环状，接纳来自海军船厂的道路，以单一的姿势与对面的河岸相连。大桥的最终形态构建了一处标志性的交锋，一个容易识别的 “X”型成为河流的新形象。

虽然大桥是一个独特的标志性结构，它的特色和本质让周边社区居民能够轻易到达这处河流景观。通过精心设计的活动项目，大桥将会展示该区域的文化和自然历史。为延长游客在大桥和临近社区的逗留观光时间，我们在整个大桥上提供休闲娱乐设施、洗手间、食品供应、极端气候（阴凉和暖和）缓解系统和季节性的活动项目。大桥成为邻近社区历史悠久的活动项目的门户场所。

两条道路的交汇点是一个宽敞的广场，它提供可灵活调整的场地，以满足每条道路上举行各种活动的需求。全年的赶集、节日庆典和戏剧表演让这个公园成为华盛顿市的活动中心。这些延伸的狭长地带，以5%的坡度逐渐上升，构成了一系列用于休闲娱乐、教育学习、社交集会的空间。这些空间形成了地势上升的观景平台，为东南边上咖啡馆以及西北边上的表演空间和小树林提供遮阴和遮蔽。

游客可在观景平台的末端欣赏阿纳卡斯蒂亚河的景色以及华盛顿特区和阿纳卡斯

蒂亚的雄伟地标，也可观看大桥上举行的活动。这些大桥的两边都设有瀑布，瀑布既标记着道路的终点，也将道路与下方的河流连接起来。大桥东边的瀑布跟一个活跃的过滤系统以及大桥桥墩附近的新湿地相连，它们共同合作，有效净化了阿纳卡斯蒂亚河渡口周边的河流。

阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口跟附近的切撒匹克湾河口一样，都因淡海水交融并形成丰富生态多样性。因此，阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口将营造一个分享河流两岸社区文化多样性的场所。建筑、景观和基础设施的融合将创造出一个社交可持续发展的市政体验中心。

阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口的活跃地带和多样层面同时将游客带到河流边上。沿着大桥设置的一系列空白地带为游客提供了休闲娱乐场所和前往河流边上的通道。表演空间和咖啡馆均部分嵌入桥体，营造了能够观赏河流的私密空间。上述这些空间让游客能够从有利地势观赏河流，既能从上俯瞰它的雄伟壮观，也能通过划艇等休闲娱乐与河流亲密接触。

2.2 环保教育中心

环保教育中心将提供众多教育项目，以向人们讲述河流400年的悠久历史——附近的居民将阿纳卡斯蒂亚河当作一个商品而非一处有价值的场所，他们对河流景观采取的措施使得阿纳卡斯蒂亚河分水岭失去了它原有的阔叶林覆盖、草地和潮汐湿地。

阿纳卡斯蒂亚河渡口将会是一个让人们重视河流严峻的健康问题的灯塔，它将通过不懈地努力，提出各种可能的措施手法，来净化河流，建设社区和教育河流沿岸居民后代以及积极参与河流修复的市民后代。我们的设计方案通过生态系统改善展示和教育以及河岸两边的种植修复，有效促进并提高阿纳卡斯蒂亚河生态完整性，并将让阿纳卡斯蒂亚河再度成为我国最伟大的河流之一。

3 活动

3.1 多样化项目活动

阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口将会向河流两岸的广大观众提供多样化的用途和亮点。咖啡馆和环保教育中心的大面积室内活动区域以及附近的宽阔树荫地带，让人们全年可在此举行各种活动。

大桥的造型和尺度扩建成为一个朝向阿纳卡斯蒂亚的楔型结构，为大型活动和停泊站提供空间，以设置更多的新型娱乐设施，吸引游客前往阿纳卡斯蒂亚公园，同时还将修建旅游景点吸引游客从河流对岸穿越过大桥。

预计第11街大桥公园的建设，将提供超过150个新就业机会，带来700万-1 000万美金的零售消费。我们设计的灵活活动空间，可以满足长期和过渡时期的需要，比如表演中心、咖啡馆、流行艺术家表演和零售空间，还有根据经济和社区发展要求举办的各种临时展览。

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2 生态

2.1 河流生态和种植

我们的方案抓住了大阿纳卡斯蒂亚河地区的日常生态循环规律和季节韵律，将河流及其周边地区设计成一个多功能的景观。沿着阿纳卡斯蒂亚公园的河岸，我们设计了水上的士停靠站、栈步道、“海滩”、独木舟和皮艇的租赁中心。在大桥的顶层，甲板瀑布让公众能够近距离接触水景，它那潺潺的流水声和在阳光下闪烁的水花给人们带来了乐趣。本土植被反映了大景观地区的生态地带，大桥上以及阿纳卡斯蒂亚河东边和西边的邻近地区都拟建高地和低洼地。

Competition / THE 11TH STREET BRIDGE PARK DESIGN COMPETITION, WASHINGTON D.C.

美国华盛顿特区11街道大桥公园设计竞赛 / 竞赛

3.2 一个休息的场所

阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口为人们提供了很多休闲娱乐的机会。我们在大桥公园的地势最高点拟建一个大草坪，在那里可以将美国国会山、华盛顿纪念碑、弗莱德雷克道格拉斯之家和周边景点尽收眼底。它也将会是一个人们练习瑜伽和打太极拳或是观赏河上日出的好去处。亚河步道连接点，充足的树荫和穿越过新大桥公园的通畅小路将会建立一个更适合瑜伽练习者和徒步者的有效连接，它们将河流内部和河流北部丰富景观资源连接起来，形成阿纳卡斯蒂亚河的绿环。这些资源包括阿纳卡斯蒂亚河公园、斯坦顿堡、杜邦堡和卓别林堡公园。

5.2 城市农业花园和咖啡馆

3.3 一个受人欢迎的学习环境

阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口学习中心的基础是环保教育中心，它为游客和社区传授了有关改善当地生态系统的无价教育课程。此外，游客们将受邀分享他们在这个地区的视频故事。他们拍摄的DV将投影在大桥的两座瀑布上，以大型投影，生动地记录因这座大桥而连接起来的社区和居民的生活故事。紧邻咖啡馆的城市农业花园将会作为品尝新鲜水果和蔬菜的榜样。它的产品将在咖啡馆供应或是在阿纳卡什广场的绿色市场进行销售。咖啡馆会也将定期举办免费的教学课程，以有趣的方式向孩子和成年人传播有关营养学的知识，让人们能够采摘水果和蔬菜并烹饪健康的饮食。

6 旅游胜地

3.4 嬉戏游玩和探索空间

21世纪游乐空间将大桥固定在阿纳卡斯蒂亚公园，该游乐空间为儿童提供了嬉戏游玩的独特机会。儿童能够探索地势逐渐上升的游乐空间和它的“泡沫地形”，在雕塑上爬来爬去，互相嬉戏游玩，并与自然亲密接触。人们可在此租赁独木舟和皮筏艇，并能轻松前往阿纳卡斯蒂亚滨河步道。为了营造这一场所——一个更像旅游胜地而非单一的上升大道，我们将大桥公园设计成为一个河流两岸相交共存的交汇处。阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口将会提供不同层次的活动项目，它将会是一个新型街区公园，一个在附近工作的人们下班后的好去处以及居民和游客休闲娱乐的好地方。阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口致力于改善华盛顿

特区居民的健康状况，尤其是那些居住在第

六、七、八选区且能体现社区对生命的新品质要求的居民的健康状况。我们的设计方案在原有阿纳卡斯蒂亚河两边沿岸的散步道上，进行扩建和连接，为公众进行休闲娱乐和科普探索提供了一个新场所。活动项目同时也在二期的设计方案得以延续，我们将提供通往阿纳卡斯蒂亚历史区的踏步石，以鼓励居民去探索发现这个城市中的新场所。3.5 聚会的独特场所阿纳卡斯蒂亚渡口为人们提供了很多聚会空间。咖啡馆提供了可全年进行就餐和活动的中心。午餐花园和城市农业地区聚集在阿纳咔什广场，该广场提供了一个俯瞰阿纳卡斯蒂亚河的灵活空间，可用于各种功能。另外，一个300座位的阶梯表演空间隐藏在阿纳卡斯蒂环线的延伸狭长地带中，可在此进

行电影播放、讲座和庆典活动。

4 连接

大桥公园入口的地理位置具有战略意义，让来自河流两岸的人们可以轻易进入公园。大桥上举行的活动将成为河流吸引任何一边社区居民前往公园的亮点。

5 福祉

5.1 改善健康和提高居民福祉

健身和健康是大桥公园关注的重点之

一。从半英里环线到经过改善的阿纳卡斯蒂项目设计：OMA 与欧林事务所联合体撰文：OMA 与欧林事务所联合体翻译：章健玲图片来源：第11街道大桥公园设计竞赛组委会

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Competition / THE 11TH STREET BRIDGE PARK DESIGN COMPETITION, WASHINGTON D.C.图02

美国华盛顿特区11街道大桥公园设计竞赛 / 竞赛

1 A Place of Exchange

Our design for the 11th Street Bridge Park-the Anacostia Crossing-is a place of exchange. The park at Anacostia Crossing will connect two historically disparate sides of the river with a series of outdoor programmed spaces and active zones that will provide an engaging place hovering above, yet anchored in, the Anacostia River.

Paths from each side of the river operate as springboards—sloped ramps that elevate visitors to maximized look out points to landmarks in either direction. Extending over the river, the Anacostia paths join to form a loop, embracing the path from the Navy Yard side and linking the opposing banks in a single gesture. The resulting form of the bridge creates an iconic encounter, an “X” instantly recognizable as a new image for the river.

While the bridge is a unique and iconic structure, its character and essence are rooted in making this river landscape accessible to the community. Through programmed activities the bridge will showcase the region’s unique cultural and natural history. To encourage visitors to spend time on the bridge and neighboring communities throughout the year, amenities for comfort and refreshment (restrooms and food), mitigation of climate extremes (shade and warmth), and opportunities for seasonal programming are provided along the entire length of the bridge. The bridge provides a gateway to events with strong roots in the adjacent communities.

At the intersection of the two sides, an open plaza that provides a flexible space for gathering and events framed by the continuation of the paths on either side. Markets, festivals, and theatrical performances held throughout the year will make this park a hub of activity within the city of Washington. These extended arms, continuing at a 5% slope, create a sequence of zones designated for play, relaxation, learning and gathering. They form elevated platforms that provide shade and sheltered areas for the café on the southeast side and the performance space and hammock grove on the northwest side.

At the elevated ends, each also forms a place to view the Anacostia River, the activities on the bridge, and the prominent landmarks within

Washington,DC and Anacostia. At each side, a waterfall marks their terminus and reconnects them to the river below. On the east side, this waterfall is linked to an active filtration system that-together with new wetland areas adjacent to the bridge piers-works to actively clean the river around the Anacostia Crossing.

Much like the waters of the nearby Chesapeake Bay estuary, where salt and fresh water mix to create a rich biological diversity, the Anacostia Crossing creates a place for sharing the rich cultural diversity of communities on both sides of the river. The full integration of architecture, landscape and infrastructure allows for the creation of a socially sustainable civic experience.

The activated zones and multiple levels of the Anacostia Crossing also bring visitors down to the river itself. A series of voids along the bridge provide spaces for play and access down to the river itself. The performance space and café are each partially carved into the body of the bridge, creating intimate zones with views to the waters below. Together, these areas allow visitors to engage the river from multiple vantage points, from above to take in its majesty, or engaging with the waters for boating and recreation.

lost much of its original hardwood forest cover, grassland meadows and tidal wetlands due to the treatment of this landscape by those that lived here as a commodity and not a valued resource.

Anacostia Crossing will be a beacon that illuminates the challenged health of the River as well as highlights the possible solutions demonstrated by numerous ongoing efforts to clean the river, build community and educate our next generation of river stewards and engaged citizens. Our design will serve as a catalyst to improve the ecological integrity of the Anacostia River through demonstration and education on ecosystem enhancement as well as restoration shoreline plantings making it once again one of our Nation’s greatest waterways.

3 Activation

3.1 Programmatic Diversity

Anacostia Crossing will facilitate a variety of uses and appeal to abroad audience from both sides of the river. Large interior areas at the café and environmental Education Center, as well as large shaded areas adjacent to them, ensure the potential for year-round use.

The shape and scale of the bridge expands into a wedge shape toward the Anacostia side of the river, provided space for larger programs and anchors that will create new amenities for visitors to the Anacostia Park and attractions to draw visitors across the bridge from the opposite side of the river.

It is estimated that over 150 new jobs and $ 7-10 million in new retail spending will result from the 11th St. Bridge Park. The flexible program and event spaces are designed to accommodate both long-term and transitional uses such as a performance venue, café, pop-up artist and retail space and temporary exhibits that can respond dynamically to economic and community opportunities.

2 Ecology

2.1 River Ecology & Planting

A Multi-functional landscape, our proposal captures the daily cycles and seasonal rhythms of the magnificent Anacostia watershed. Along the Anacostia Park shore the design locates a water taxi landing, boardwalk, “beach”, and canoe and kayak rental. On top of the bridge, deck waterfalls allow the public to engage with water and revel in its delight as it makes calming sounds and sparkles in the sunlight. Native plantings reflecting the ecozones of the larger landscape, both uplands and lowlands are proposed both on the bridge and on the adjacent land both to the west and east of the river.

3.2 A Place to Relax

Anacostia Crossing offers many moments for people to come and simply relax. The Great Lawn, which is proposed for the highest point of the Bridge Park, has amazing vistas of the US Capitol building, the Washington Monument, the Frederick Douglass House, and surrounding areas.

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2.2 Environmental Education Center

The Environmental Education Center will provide a variety of programs which tell the rivers 400 year history of how the Anacostia watershed