中考写作之提纲式作文

中考提纲式写作指导 如何列提纲 配有相关练习

中考写作之提纲式作文

中考书面表达突破

一、题型特点：

书面表达是对学生的语言组织能力、行文表达能力、基础知识、语法、词汇等综合驾驭能力的考查。

中考书面表达贴近生活，贴近时代，给同学们以更多的表达空间。

作文题目由限制性题目到半开放性题目，提示性词语越来越少，而给同学们的空间越来越大

二、考查形式（体裁）：

中考英语考查形式多样：看图（表）写作、书信、通知、日记、记人物等。 体裁包括：记叙文、应用文；

三、中考评分标准：

作文一律按档给分，与错误个数无直接关系。

影响作文分数的因素：

1 题目要求、内容要点；

2 句子准确、通顺；

3 层次结构清晰；

4 拼写、语法等错误；

5 卷面整洁度；

初中英语作文分为四等。一等文：13-15分；二等文：9-12分；三等文：5-8分；四等文：0-4分。教给大家十个字，搞定初中英语写作，帮你拿到一等文。

“结构+要点+逻辑+语法+亮点！”

结构：最流行的结构就是三段式。为什么尼？因为这种结构十分清晰。“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。三段式的第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话，如，我们想表达小强很强壮，第一段直接说 XQ is extremely strong. 观点明确，这一句足矣。第二段：分2-3点说为什么他强壮。1. 每天吃10顿饭，He has ten meals everyday! 详举吃的是什么。2. 每天运动2小时，He does exercise 2 hours a day! 详举做了什么运动。第三段：经过第二段的论证，可以得出结论。但请注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等。如，How strong XQ is! I hope to be him one day!

要点：因为提示性英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写的再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。

逻辑：这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词等。递进：除了first, second, third, finally 等还可以使用高级点的，如first of all(首先)，in addition, what's more, moreover(都是另外的意思)，in a word, all in all（表示总结的）。转折：but, yet, however等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。

语法：其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说是不好，

中考提纲式写作指导 如何列提纲 配有相关练习

但是语法却是硬性的。如，单词的使用，时态等。

亮点：当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。要想得到一等文，最后两个字，亮点至关重要。大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是A篇只用了beautiful,good- looking,B篇却用到了attractive，charming，catching等，我坚信正常人都会给B篇高分的。这些高级一点的词汇，词组，句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。所以，以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。

只要把这十个字都搞定了，那么初中英语写作就一定能搞定！

四、做题步骤：

1 审题：审清作文体裁（类型）时态、人称等细节；

2 列提纲（文章结构框架）：分几段，以及每段大体内容；

3 写作：在提纲的基础上补充要点；

4 复查：2遍——1遍看查拼写、语法、标点等问题；2遍不出声读查，靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等；

5 誊抄：不允许做任何的更改。

*总之做到三审：体裁、时态、人称；

三思：词汇—>短语—>句式；

三查：要点、拼写和语法、连贯。

五、作文一般框架：

文章分3段：

（1）综述：概括性强，最多2句话引入主题；

（2）正文——主要内容：层次性强，一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开3个方面，每个方面最多2句话；

（3）结尾：紧扣主题，2句话内结束，尽量升华。

六、如何列提纲：

例1：利弊型作文——Microblog的利与弊

Para1: （综述）with the development of internet… more and more popular…

Para2: （利）First, convenient, anywhere, any time; Second, share… with…; Last, express views free, money-free…

Para3: （弊）However, one coin has two faces. On the one hand, a waste of time——affect study; On the other hand, not safe——stolen, hurt feelings

Para4: （个人）As a student, make good use of it.

例2：计划安排型作文——谈假期安排

Para1: （综述）graduate from…, holiday is coming, plan for this holiday

Para2: （正文）Firstly, study comes first. make preparations for the first senior year; Secondly, visit tourist attractions; Last but not least, do sports to build up my body. Para3: I am sure I’ll have a meaningful holiday. (I’m looking forward to the coming holiday.) (I can’t wait to enjoy my summer vocation.)

中考提纲式写作指导 如何列提纲 配有相关练习

七、常用过渡性词语

叙事文常用的句子间连接词：

At first; at last; in the end…

then/next/after that…

when/while/as soon as/not… until…

at the same time; at times; once in a while;

so that

To one’s surprise/joy

Luckily/fortunately/unluckily/unfortunately…

in a word/in all

议论文常用连接词

表达个人想法的：I think/believe…; (as) for me; in my opinion/view; as a student; from the bottom of my heart; personally;

其他：in general; generally speaking; to be short; to be honest; to tell the truth; as we know; as far as I know

议论文常用连接词

表示并列：either…or; neither…nor; both…and; not only…but also;

表示递进的：besides; what’s more; what’s worse; (moreover);

表示原因的：because; for…; because of…; thanks to…; (for the reason that…); 表示结果的：so; as a result; so…that…; therefore;

表示目的的：so that…; in order that…; (in order) to…; for…;

表示对比的：while; on the one hand + on the other hand; Each coin has two sides.; prefer…to…; would rather do…than do…;

议论文常用连接词

表示转折的：however; but;

表示举例的：for example; for instance; such as…; like…; that is to say… 表示总结的：in all/short; in a word; in brief/ total; last but not least; last;

表示利弊的：be good/bad for sb.; be harmful to sb.; do harm to sb.; …have great/much influence on sb.; sth. benefit sb.; sb benefit from sth.; affect; have an effect on sb.;

表示喜爱的：love/like/enjoy…; be fond of…; be interested in…; show great interest in…; lose oneself in…; put one’s heart into…; be good at; be poor at; be weak in;

文字提示作文范例讲解

范例一

Write at least 60 words about the topic "The best way to make me happy". ( 以“最能使我快乐的方法”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格) The following points are for your reference: (所给提示仅供参考)

1. What are the ways to make you happy?

2. Which way do you think is the best one to make you happy?

3. Why do you feel happy in this way? (give at least two reasons)

中考提纲式写作指导 如何列提纲 配有相关练习

列提纲

Paragraph 1(综述)：As for me, there are many ways making me happy in daily lives, such as reading books I like, traveling with my best friends, listening to music and so on. From the bottom of my heart, listening to music is the best way for me to make me feel happy.

Paragraph 2(正文)：Firstly, listening to music can helps me to relax from the heavy study. ………. Secondly, listening to music is also good way for me to gain positive energy. ………

Paragraph 3(总结): In short, listening to music does a great favor in making me happy. Perhaps you can have a try when you are in low mood or feel tired. It does works.

范例二

Environment around us

1. What do you think of the environment around us? （至少给出两种现象）

2. As students, what should we do ? （至少给出两点内容）

列提纲

Paragraph 1(综述)：Nowadays, there are many problems of our environment such as air pollution and water pollution. Because of the air polluting, we can hardly ever see the blue sky in our city. Because of the water polluting, we can hardly ever see the world under the water.

Paragraph 2(正文)：On one hand, we can ride bike or take the bus to go to school instead of private cars. ……. On the other, we can prevent people throwing rubbish everywhere. …..

Paragraph 3(总结)：Environment is very important for us. We can’t live healthily without a good environment.

中考提纲式写作指导 如何列提纲 配有相关练习

【过手练习】

试炼一：

The most unforgettable thing I did in the winter holidays.

1. What was the thing you did in the summer holidays ?

2. Give some descriptions about it, such as where/when/how /who, etc.

3. Why do you think it’s the most unforgettable thing you did and why?

试炼二：

Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic

”I want to be an environment protector(保护者)”

(以”I want to be an environment protector”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)

Use the following points as a guide.(下列要点仅供参考）

1. What are the problems of our environment?

2. Why do you want to be an environment protector?

3. What will you do to protect the environment?（至少给出两点内容）