钻死翻译

Passage1 The role of the manager as merely an overseer of workers is an artifact of the Industrial Age paradigm, no longer appropriate to the Knowledge Age. Increasingly, middle managers' heads are on the chopping blocks of budget-tightening corporations, and those who fail to transform themselves into "player/coaches" will become obsolete, suggests Thomas H. Davenport, director of the Accenture Institute for Strategic Change.

There is still an important role, albeit a different one, for management in the future," Davenport writes in The Future of Leadership. "The single most important factor driving the change in what management entails is the rise and prevalence of knowledge work.

Under the old model of management, managers were viewed as a separate part of the organization's workforce, mere link between the executives who makethe decisions and the laborers who carry out the work. But in the new model, managers both make decisions and do work themselves.

In advanced economies, knowledge workers now make up more than 50% of workers－or more, depending on how you define "knowledge worker". Davenport reports, Davenport defines "knowledge workers" as those who create knowledge, such as product development engineers, or whose use of knowledge is a dominant aspect of their work, such as financial auditors. One aspect of work that has changed is that users and creators of knowledge are more likely to be the same people.

Workers have traditionally been viewed as users of ideas, not creators of them, and if they do create ideas they have generally been small ones," says

Davenport. "My view, however, is that successful in the future will be those in which it's everyone's job to be creating and using ideas that are both big and small. Passage1

作为只是范式的工人的工头经理的角色是范式的工业时代，不再适合于知识时代的工件。越来越多的中层经理人的头在预算紧缩的水池，切块和那些未能把自己转化成"球员/教练"将变得过时，表明 Thomas H.达文波特，战略变革埃森哲研究所所长。

达文波特在未来的领导中写道，仍然是一个重要的角色，尽管一个不同，在将来，管理"。"驾驶在什么样的管理需要改变的最重要的因素是上升和知识工作的普遍存在。

根据管理的旧模式，经理被视为单独的组织的员工队伍，高管只是联系部分谁使决策和开展工作的劳动者。但在新的模型中，管理人员都做出的决定和做自己。

在发达经济体，知识工人现在弥补 50%的工人-或更多，具体取决于你如何定义"知识工人"。达文波特报告 达文波特将"知识工人"定义为那些谁创造知识，如产品开发工程师，或其使用的知识是他们的工作，如财务审计的主要方面。已更改的工作的一个方面是用户和知识的创造者是更有可能是同一批人。

工人有历来被认为是用户的想法，不创造者他们，如果他们创造的想法，它们一直都是小的说："达文波特。"我认为，然而，是成功在未来将是那些在每个人的任务是创建和使用又大又小的想法。